June, 1941] 



Animal Breeding and Nutrition 



11 



In the nutrition studies with cattle these measurements of the en- 

 ergy transformation by the body were supplemented by 122 complete 

 balances where the ingo of nitrogen and of energy in terms of food, 

 and the outgo, or loss in terms of visible excreta, was chemically 

 measured daily over periods of two or three weeks to show digest- 

 ibility. 



The animals which have been used in this work represented all 

 species of farm livestock. These included a thoroughbred stallion 

 with a notable turf record, a blue-ribbon Percheron stallion weigh- 

 ing over a ton, a Percheron mare, a draft gelding, a standardbred or 

 trotting gelding, a range pony, and a small Shetland pony weighing 



FIGURE 6. THIS FOUR-NIPPLED HYBRID RAM OF OUR BREEDING HEADS A 

 FLOCK OF PUREBRED SUFFOLKS IN KANSAS 



about 300 pounds, also 18 beef steers, 5 bulls. 13 cows and 12 heifers 

 of recognized dairy breeds ; over 100 sheep, 14 goats, and 32 pigs, 

 ranging from a boar weighing 600 pounds down to suckling pigs 

 weighing less than 10 pounds. 



These animals, representing an estimated value of around $10,000, 

 were nearly all obtained either through outside funds (Carnegie In- 

 stitution) or by loan for this work. Only five cows and one pig were 



purchased with Experiment Station funds. 



Likewise the greater part of the scientific apparatus which has 

 made this type of research possible has been supplied by the Carnegie 

 Institution of Washington. While the Carnegie Institution has found 

 it necessary to discontinue further active financial support, this ap- 



