58 FUNGOUS DISEASES AND SPRAYING 



low-growing plants. The knapsack sprayer (see Fig. 1 on 

 cover) consists of a pump attached to a copper or galvanized- 

 iron tank of such size and shape that it can be carried on the 

 back like a knapsack. This is a vei\y useful form for plants, 

 vines, and shrubs, under ten feet in height, except where a 

 large quantity has to be treated. 



The barrel pump is designed to be attached to a barrel 

 or tank and is the most generally useful form for ordi- 

 nary orchards, vineyards, and potato fields. Where a large 

 amount of spraying has to be done a sprayer run by horse or 

 steam power may be obtained. 



A good nozzle is of great importance. It should break up 

 the stream of liquid into fine particles. It should be so con- 

 structed that it does not readily clog and should be provided 

 with some device for clearing in case clogging occurs, as it 

 may do sometimes with the Bordeaux mixture. Among the 

 numerous varieties of nozzles there are two types which will 

 be found most useful : the Vermorel and the Bordeaux. The 

 Vermorel produces the finer spray, the Bordeaux throws far- 

 ther. As they are not expensive, it would be well to have 

 both ; but if only one is used, the Vermorel is recommended. 



None of the pump makers, so far as we have seen their cata- 

 logues, furnish sufficient length of hose. Fifteen to twenty 

 feet is the least that can be used with convenience in spraying 

 potatoes and fruit trees, and we recommend a fifty-foot length. 

 For spraying trees some means of raising the nozzle is neces- 

 sary ; a rigid extention to the hose is the best means. A cheap 

 and satisfactory one consists of ten to twelve feet of quarter 

 inch gas pipe on one end of which the nozzle is screwed, the 

 other end being fitted to screw on to the hose. Extensions of 

 different lengths will be found very convenient. 



The barrel pump outfit (the pump should be attached to the 

 head of the barrel) may be carried in almost any farm wagon 

 which is at hand, a light one-horse rig being preferable. A 

 convenient spray cart may be cheaply made by fastening a 

 platform of boards or plank on the axle of a pair of forward 

 wheels which are provided with strong thills. The platform 

 can be made so as to be readily and quickly detached when the 

 wheels are wanted for any other purpose. See Fig. 2. 



