222 CHORDATA. 



Order 11. Prosimice (Lemuroidea), lemurs. Quadrupedal Mammals 

 with prehensile extremities, opposable hallux, and long non-prehensile 

 tail. Hallux (and generally pollex) with a flat nail, remaining digits 

 clawed. Orbits incompletely separated from the temporal fossae. Uterus 

 bicornuate, clitoris perforated by urethra, mammae pectoral and abdo- 

 minal, placenta diffuse. 



(a.) Cheiromyini ; Cheiromys Madagascarensis, pollex non-oppo- 



sable and clawed ; i. c. p.m. + in. . 

 10 3 



(6.) Lemurini, with large opposable flat-nailed pollex ; lower incisors 

 forwardly directed. Limited to S. Africa and S. Asia ; Tarsius, 



9-10 

 dentition 



1 1 3 



Lemur, 



Order 12. Primates. Hallux (and generally pollex) with a flat nail 

 and relatively short. Orbits completely or almost completely separated 

 from temporal fossae. Uterus simple, clitoris not perforated by urethra, 

 a pair of pectoral mammae, placenta metadiscoidal. 



(a.) Arctopitheci, marmozets (S. America); quadrupedal, long non- 

 prehensile tail, and non-opposable clawed pollex. Orbits not quite 



O "I O O 



walled off from temporal fossae. Dental formula '- . Hapale. 



2132 



(b.) Platyrrhini, New World monkeys; quadrupedal, long generally 

 prehensile tail, non-opposable pollex, nailed digits, and broad nasal 

 septum. Orbits completely separated from temporal fossae, coronal 

 suture V-shaped, alisphenoids united with parietals, external auditory 



O 1 O 



meatus not ossified. Dental formula 



o 



Neither cheek - 



213 



pouches nor ischial callosities. Cebus capuciniis. Mycetes niger, 

 howling monkey. Pithecia satanas. 



(c) Catarrhini, Old World monkeys. Tail, when present, non- 

 prehensile, opposable pollex, nailed digits, and narrow nasal septum. 

 Orbits completely separated from temporal fossae, alisphenoids not 

 united with parietals, external auditory meatus ossified. Dental formula 



- Cynomorpha, baboons, &c. ; quadrupedal tailed forms, 

 2123 



with ischial callosities, and, as a rule, cheek-pouches. Cynocephalus. 

 Macacus. Cercopithecus sabseus. Anthropomorpha, arboreal 

 semi-erect tailless forms. Hylobates, gibbon (S. E. Asia and Malay 

 Archipelago), with ischial callosities. Pithecus (Satyrus), orang (Borneo 

 and Sumatra), 12 pairs of ribs. Gorilla engena (Troglodytes gorilla) 

 and Troglodytes niger, chimpanzee, both from W. Africa, and with 13 

 pairs of ribs. 



(d) Anthropidae, distinguished from the other groups of Primates by 

 the following characters : Hair scanty, position habitually erect, hallux 

 non-opposable, cranio-facial angle not greater than 120, mandibular 

 symphysis with a mental prominence, no diastema in the dental series, 

 volume of brain not less than 55 cubic inches. Homo sapiens, man. 



