DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALS. 231 



DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALS. 



I. Palcearctic Region. Thirty-five families represented. Peculiar Genera. The camels, 

 six deer, the yak, six antelopes (including the chamois), and all wild sheep and goats, 



except two species. Six p.g. of Muridce (rats and mice), two of mole-rats, and one 

 other ; dormice and pikas (calling hares) are almost confined to this region. Six p.g. of 

 moles ; the remaining two genera of which (Talpa, Urotrichus) extend, respectively, 



into N. India and N. W. America. Five p.g. of Carnivora, including the racoon-dog, a 

 seal, and the badger ; the last just enters the Oriental region in China. 



II. Ethiopian Region. Fifty families represented, of which nine are peculiar, i.e. 

 teropodidce. Hippopotamidce ; Camelopardidce. Potamogalidce (including Potamo- 



m otter-like Insectiyore) ; Chrysochloridce (golden moles). Cryptoproctidee 

 (Cryptoprocta is a small civet-cat-like form peculiar to Madagascar) ; Protelidce 

 (Proteles, the aard-wolf, is allied to the hysenas and weasels) ; Cheiromyidce (contains 

 Cheiromy, the aye-aye, peculiar to Madagascar). 



Peculiar Genera (besides those in the above families). Potamochaerus (river hog), 

 and Phacochaerus (wart hog); Hyomoschus (a small deer-like form), twelve p.g. 

 of antelopes. Thirteen p.g. of Muridce; Pedetes (a jerboa or jumping mouse); 

 An omalums (a flying squirrel); three other p.g. of Rodents. Three p.g. of elephant-shrews, 

 and the Insectivorous family Centetidce, except one genus from Cuba and Hayti. Three 

 p.g. of bats. Seventeen p.g. of Viverridce (civets and ichneumons), two p.g. of dogs, and 

 two p.g. of Mustelidce (weasels, otters, &c.). Nine p.g. of Lemurs. Eight p.g. of apes 

 and monkeys, the most important being Gorilla and Troglodytes (chimpanzee). 



Peculiar Species. Among these are several species or Manis, the two-horned African 

 rhinoceroses, the zebras, African elephant, and lion. 



Absent Palcearctic Forms. The genera Bos (wild ox), and Sus (wild boar), camels, 

 deer, goats and sheep, moles, bears. 



III. Oriental Region. Forty-two families represented, of which two are peculiar, and 

 one other almost so, i.e., Galeopithecidce (including Galeopithecus, the flying lemur), 

 and Tupaiidce (tree-shrews), among Insectivora. Tarsiidas, a family of lemurs 

 (including only Tarsius spectrum, found in Sumatra, Bauca, and Borneo ; also outside 

 the Oriental region in Celebes.) 



Peculiar Genera (besides those in the above families). Tragulus (chevrotain) ; 

 Cervulus (a deer) ; Bibos (wild cattle) ; three p,g. of antelopes. Platanista (a 

 dolphin found in Ganges and Indus). Three p.g. of Muridce; Pteromys (a flying 

 squirrel ; Acanthion (a porcupine). Gymnura (a hedgehog). Eleven p.g. of bats. 

 Twelve p.g. of Viverridce ; Cuon (a dog) ; five p.g. of Mustelidce; two p.g. of bears. 

 Loris and Nycticebus (lemurs). Four p.g. .of apes, including Pithecus (orang-utan), 

 and Hylobates (gibbon). 



Peculiar Species. Among these are the Indian tapir, several species of rhinoceros, and 

 the Indian elephant. 



IV. A ustralian Region. Twenty-eight families represented, of which eight are peculiar, 

 i.e. six out of the seven families of Marsupials, and the two families of Monotremes. 

 All of these, however, are absent from Polynesia and New Zealand. 



Peculiar Genera (besides those in the above families). Babirusa (a hog) and Anoa (a 

 small kind of cow) in Celebes. Five p.g. of Muridce in Australia, and one of these in 

 Tasmania also. Three p.g. of bats. 



Absent Forme. Australia and New Guinea possess no non-aquatic Mammals higher than 

 Marsupials, except some bats, mice, and rats. This points to extremely long-continued 

 isolation, which has afforded time for the Marsupials to become modified in the most 

 diverse directions, thus enabling them to fill places elsewhere occupied by other orders. 

 New Zealand is remarkable for the absence of all indigenous Mammals, so far as certainly 

 known, with the exception of two bats. 



V. Neotropical Region. Thirty-seven families represented, of which seven are peculiar, 

 i.e. Bradypodidce (sloths), Dasypodidce (armadilloes), and Myrmecophagidce (true ant- 

 eaters). Chinchillidce (chinchillas) and Caviidce (cavies) among .Rodents. Cebidce (New*" 

 World monkeys) ; Hapalidce (marmozets). The Phyllostomidce (leaf-nosed bats) are 

 peculiar with th exception of a Calif ornian species. 



Peculiar Genera (besides those in the above families). Chironectes and Hyracodon 

 (opossums). Dicotyles (peccary, also in Texas) ; Auchenia (llama) ; Elasmognattms 

 (a tapir). Inia (a dolphin, upper part of Amazon basin). Six p.g. of Muridce ; six p.g. of 

 Octodontidce (rat-like forms), two of them peculiar to W. Indies ; eight p.g. of Echimyidee 



