ORDER -QUADRUMANA ; FAMILY SIMIAD^. 155 



CEBID.E, or Monkeys of the New World, in which there ia a, par- 

 tial or complete absence of the thumb upon the hands, and in most 

 of which there is an additional molar tooth in either side of each 

 jaw, as also a long tail, which serves as an additional organ of 

 prehension. The third is that of LEMURID^, a group of animals 

 confined to the island of Madagascar and the adjacent parts of 

 the world, in which both pairs of extremities are provided with 

 thumbs, but in which the teeth are less regular, both in their 

 form and number, and which approach the lower Mammals in 

 various points of their structure. 



147. The popular division of the family SIMIADJE into Apes, 

 Monkeys, and Baboons, is more scientifically correct than such 

 arrangements usually are. The Apes are distinguished by 

 having neither tails nor cheek-pouches ; and by the partial or 

 entire absence of the callosities, or hard spaces, destitute of 

 hair, which are found on the buttocks of the other two groups. 

 They inhabit the woods, and walk principally on their hinder 

 extremities ; steadying and directing their motions with their 

 long arms, which they use also to swing themselves from branch 

 to branch. The Monkeys have cheek-pouches, callosities, and 

 long tails. They, too, live among the woods ; but they usually 

 walk on all-fours, using their long tails chiefly for the purpose 

 of guiding and balancing themselves, during their rapid and 

 agile movements. The Baboons also have cheek-pouches and 

 callosities, by which they are distinguished from the Apes ; 

 whilst they are known from the Monkeys by the shortness of 

 their tails, which never possess any muscular power, and can- 

 not give any efficient assistance in the movements of the animals. 

 The Baboons live, for the most part, among rocks and moun- 

 tains, being seldom or never found in the forests ; and they walk 

 on all-fours. These three tribes further differ in their mental 

 characters. The Apes possess great intelligence, patience, cour- 

 age, and docility ; and, when taken young, may be made to 

 receive a considerable degree of education. Their actions are 

 grave, circumspect, and deliberate ; they are seldom moved to 

 violent passion, though occasionally peevish and fretful when 

 teazed or thwarted ; and they easily give their confidence to 



