ORDER QUADRUMANA; FAMILY SIMIADJ2. 155 



Monkeys of the New World, there is usually a sixth molar in 

 either side of each jaw, so that the total number of teeth is 36, 

 and the nostrils are placed wide apart at the sides of a broad, 

 flat nose, whence these Monkeys are denominated Platyrrhince. 

 In the third family, that of the LEMURID^E, which is almost con- 

 fined to Madagascar, the teeth are less regular in their number, 

 and the animals approach more closely to the lower Mammals in 

 their structure. In the majority all the extremities are pro- 

 vided with thumbs, and the nail of the first finger in the 

 hinder hands is converted into a claw. 



147. The popular division of the family SIMIAD/E into Apes, 

 Monkeys, and Baboons, is more scientifically correct than such 

 arrangements usually are. The Apes are distinguished by 

 having neither tails nor cheek-pouches ; and by the partial or 

 entire absence of the callosities -, or hard spaces, destitute of 

 hair, which are found on the buttocks of the other two groups. 

 They inhabit the woods, and walk principally on their hinder 

 extremities ; Steadying and directing their motions with their 

 long arms, which they use also to swing themselves from branch 

 to branch. The Monkeys have cheek-pouches, callosities, and 

 long tails. They, too, live among the woods ; but they usually 

 walk on all-fours, using their long tails chiefly for the purpose 

 of guiding and balancing themselves, during their rapid and 

 agile movements. The Baboons also have cheek-pouches and 

 callosities, by which they are distinguished from the Apes ; 

 whilst they are known from the Monkeys by the shortness of 

 their tails, which never possess any muscular power, and can- 

 not give any efficient assistance in the movements of the animals. 

 The Baboons live, for the most part, among rocks and moun- 

 tains, being seldom or never found in the forests ; and they walk 

 on all-fours. These three tribes further differ in their mental 

 characters. The Apes possess great intelligence, patience, cour- 

 a-f, and docility ; and, when taken young, may be made to 

 receive a considerable degree of education. Their actions are 

 grave, circumspect, and deliberate ; they are seldom moved to 

 violent passion, though occasionally peevish and fretful when 

 teazed or thwarted ; and they easily give their confidence to 



