XYLOPHAGA. LONGICORNIA. 135 



Tomicus typographies, or the Typographer beetle (so named 

 from the figure of its burrows), which has at different times 

 ravaged the forests of Germany. It devours, both in the larva 

 and perfect states, the soft wood beneath the bark, which is 

 most essential to the vegetative processes ; and thus causes the 

 death of the tree. It was reckoned that a million and a half of 

 pines were killed by this species alone in the Hartz Forest, in 

 the year 1783 ; and that as many as eighty thousand individuals 

 were ordinarily engaged in the destruction of each tree ; whence 

 the whole number at work in the forest at once must have been 

 one hundred and twenty thousand millions. 



717. We now come to the LONGICORNIA, distinguished by 

 the great development of the antennae, which are almost al- 

 ways at least as long as the body, and often longer. The larvae 

 mostly reside in the interior of trees, or under the bark ; and are 

 destitute of feet, or have them very small. They are furnished 

 with robust mandibles, and do much injury to trees, especially 



Fzo. 4G5. CALLICHROMA MOSCHATA 



when they are of large size, by burrowing deeply into them. 

 They are vegetable-feeders in their perfect state also, and do 

 great injury to plants ; some attacking the leaves, and others 

 the roots. Many of them produce a slight creaking sound, by 

 the friction of the prothorax upon the base of the scutellum. 



