389 



in albumen. 



Lvs opp or whorled and entire: cap- 

 sule 1-celled: cor convolute in the bud. 

 Gentianaceae. 

 Lvs various, mainly alt. 



Styles 2, or 1 and 2-oleft: capsule 1-2- 

 celled. Hydrophyllaceae. 



Style 1: stigma usually 1: capsule or 

 berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Solanaceae 

 (See also Verbascum and Limosella). 



Cor irregular: stamens (with anthers) 

 only 4 and didynamous, or 2: style L 



a. Ovary and capsule 2-celled, few to 

 many-seeded. 



Seeds small, mostly indefinite: embryo 



small in copious albumen. Scrophularia- 



ceae. 



Seeds larger in proportion, filled by the 



flat embryo. 



Numerous in a long capsule, winged, on 



a partition which separates from the 



valves. Bignoniaceae. 



Few, on hooked processes of placenta. 



Acanthaceae. 



b. Ovary and capsule 1-celled, with 

 many-seeded placentae in the axis. Len- 

 tibulariaceae. 



c. Ovary 4-parted, in fr as many seed- 

 like nutlets. Labiatae. 



d. Ovary undivided: fr splitting into 2 

 or 4 1-speded nutlets (or berry like with 

 as many stones). Verbenaceae. 



AFETALAE: cor (and sometimes calyx) 



wanting. 



A. Fls not in aments. 



1. Ovary and fr superior, 1-celled and 1- 



ovuled, or carpels distinct if more thai 



one. 



Stipules sheathing the stem at the nodes. 



Trees: fls monaecious in globose heads: 



calyx none. Platanaceae. 



Herbs: calyx usually cor-like: akene 



triangular or lenticular. Polygonaceae. 



Stipules not sheathing the stem or none. 



* Shrubs or trees. 

 Lvs alt: fls perfect. 



Calyx 6-parted: fr a drupe. Lauraceae. 



Calyx tubular: fr an akene. Cerocar- 



pus. 



Lvs alt: fls unisexual: fr a utricle. 



(Jhenopodiaceae 

 Lvs opp. 



Fls monaecious: capsule 1-celled by 

 abortion. Buxaceae. 



Fr an akene: Ivs small and narrow. Co* 

 leogyne. 



Fr a simple samara. Ivs pinnate. Frax- 

 inus. 



* * Herbaceous, or sometimes woody at 

 base. 



a. Fr a utricle: sd lenticular: embryo 

 annular or spiral. 



Fls with scarious persistent sep and 

 bracts: no stipules. Amarantaceae. 

 Bracts herbaceous or none: no stipules. 



Chenopodiaceae. 

 Stipules scarious. Illecebraceae. 



b. Fr a more or less triangular akene: 

 embryo curved. 



Fls perfect, on jointed pedicels, involu- 

 crate. Polygonaceae. 



c. Akene not triangular: embryo straight. 

 Fls unisexual: fil incurved in the bud- 

 Ivs simple. Urticaceae. 



390 



Submerged: fls axillary, naked: Ivs see- 

 sile, filiformly dissected, Ceratophyllaceae 

 Carpels several and distinct, 1-several- 

 ovuled: calyx usually cor-like. Ranuncu- 

 laceae. 



2. as in 1, but ovary and fr inclosed by 

 the calyx and apparently inferior. 



* Shrubs: Ivs opp. Elaeagnaceae. 



* * Herbs: calyx cor-like: fr an akene. 

 Lvs simple, opp, entire. Nyctaginaceae. 

 Lvs compound, alt. Rosaceae, 



3. Ovary and fr superior, of 2 or more 

 carpels. 



* Fr 2-4-celled, usually lobed: cells 1-2- 

 ovuled. 



Fleshy maritime dioecious shrub: ovaries 

 4-celled, coherent. Batideae. 

 Capsule 3-celled, 3-lobed: juice milky. 

 Euphorbiaceae. 



Fr 4-celled, 4-lobed, compressed, indehis- 

 cent: styles 2: small, aquatic, with opp 

 entire Ivs. Callitrichaceae. 

 Fr fleshy, 3-celled, 3-lobed: shrubs with 

 simple alt Ivs. Rhamnaceae. 

 Fr a double samara: trees with opp pin- 

 nate Ivs. Sapindaceae. 

 Herb: small obcompressed pod. Lepid- 

 ium. 



* * Fr cap ular, 1-celled or more, sever- 

 al ovuled. 



Fls naked, crowded in an involucrate 



spike: pungent herb with entire Ivs. Pi- 



peraceae. 



Shrubs with y axillary fls. Sterculiaceae. 



Low herbs with opposite Ivs. 



Capsule 3-5-celled succulent. Ficoideae. 



Capsule 1-celled: placentae central. 



Style and stigma 1. Glaux. 



Styles and stigmas 3 or more Caryo- 



phyllaceae. 



4. Ovary and fr inferior. 



* Fr many-seeded. 

 Capsule 4-celled. Ludwigla. 



Capsule 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae. 



Datiscaceae. 



With 2 parietal placentae, Ivs cordate. 



Saxifragaceae. 



* * Fr mostly 1-seeded. 



Diaecious parasites on trees. Lorantha- 



ceae. 



Aquatic herbs. Halorgeae. 



B. Fls unisectual, at least the staminate 



in aments. Trees or shrubs with alternate 



Ivs. 



a. Ovary inferior: male fls in aments, fe- 

 male solitary or few. 



Lvs pinnate without stipules. Jugland- 



aceae. 



Lvs simple, with caducous stipules. 



Nut in a cup-like or spiny involucre. 



Cupuliferae. 



Nut in a foliaceous or tubular envel- 

 ope. Corylaceae. 



b. Ovary inferior: male fls in aments, 

 female solitary or few. 



Fr a 1-seeded nut. 



Nut winged or angled. Betulaceae. 

 Fr a many -seeded capsule. Salicaceae. 

 GYMNOSPERMAE: Ovules naked upon 

 a scale or bract or within a more or less 

 open perianth. Monaecious or dioecious 

 tiees or shubs. 



a. Male fls in aments: female subsoli- 

 tary, the ovule within a double coria- 

 ceous integument with small terminal or- 

 ifice: nearly naked dioecious shrubs. 



