1052 



INDEX. 



Ventricles, beating, changes in size and form of, 



in the open chest, 405 

 of position in the open chest, 406 

 contracting, force of, 398, 399 

 of Morgagni, 863 

 pressure within the, 416-418 



negative, 425 



suction within the, 387, 426. See also Heart. 

 Ventricular bands of larynx, 862, 863 

 cycle, periods of the, 425 



relations in time of the, 413 

 Vernix caseosa, 198 

 Vestibule, auditory, 816 



Vertebrates, comparative physiology of the cen- 

 tral nervous system in, 703-705 

 Viscera, abdominal, cardiac effect of stimulating 



the, 467 



muscular contraction of the, 310 

 Villi, chorionic, 912 

 intestinal, 254, 258 



Vision, binocular and monocular, compared, 801 

 defective, 697, 759, 760, 763 

 physiology of, 744 



caution in the study of, 806 

 points of, corresponding, 803 

 pseudoscopic, 802 

 sense of, 696, 697, 744-806 

 stereoscopic, 801-803 

 " Vital force " of life, 25, 26 

 Vocal cords, false and true, 862, 863 

 in voice-production, 870-877 

 structure of, 863, 864 



Vocal organs, muscles of, reaction and contrac- 

 tion of, 107 

 Voice, the, 870-877 



changing the pitch, 872 

 speech, 874 

 vocal machinery, 870 

 vowel and consonantal sounds, 874-877 

 whispering, 875 



changes in the, at puberty, 871, 872, 927 

 characters of the : 

 loudness, 870 

 pitch, 870 

 quality, 870 



effect of castration on the, 871, 872 

 pitch of the, 872 

 range of the, 872, 873 

 registers of the, 872-874 



Voice, speaking and singing, distinguished, 874 



Voice and speech, 861-877 



Voice-production, 861, 870 



Voices, classification of, 873 



Voltaic pile, invention of, 43 



Vomiting, nervous mechanism of, 325, 326 



centre, location of a, 326 

 Von Frey's experiment of artificially preserving 



the irritability of muscle, 74 

 Vorticella, 34, 35 

 Vowel sounds, difference in quality of, 829 



mechanism of production of, 874-876 

 Vowels, phonation of, 874-876 

 Vulva, the, and its parts, 900 



WALKING, mechanism of, 860, 861 

 Water, 947 

 deprivation of, effect of continued, on the 



body, 294 



distilled, preparation of, 947 

 drinking-, 948 

 elimination from the body of, channels of, 



280, 293 



in the brain, percentage of, 716 

 Water and salts, absorption of, 258 

 from the stomach, 253 

 intestinal, 254, 259 

 in secretions, theories of the formation of, 



155, 156 



necessity of, to the body, 214 

 of food-stuffs, 213, 214 

 of urine, 193, 280 

 value of, nutritive, 293, 294 

 Waves, sound-, production of, 825 

 Wharton's duct, 158 

 Whispering, 876 

 Whistling register, 873 

 Womb, the, 895 



Women, sexual period in, of reproductive power, 

 927 



XANTHIN, 277, 278, 996 

 dimethyl, 996 

 mpnomethyl, 996 

 trimethyl, 996 



ZYMOGEN, 176 

 cell-granules, 169, 183 



