INFLORESCENCE. 



FIG. 19. 



Opposite, when the leaves spring two from a joint, and on directly 



opposite sides; arranged along the stem in a manner similar to the 



arrangement of the leaflets along the rachis of the compound leaf shown 



in Fig. 17. A form of this type is the whorled arrangement, where there 



are more than two leaves 



from a single joint. They 



are then disposed at equal 



distances from each other 



in a whorl or circle around 



the stem. 



44. In the Pine, the 



Larch, etc., we find leaves 



which are needle-shaped. 



They are arranged in fas- 

 cicles or bundles, and, at 



first thought, seem to violate 



the law that only one leaf 



springs from the same point, 



but that is not the case. 



They are really arranged 



according to the established 



laws, but along very short and undeveloped branchlets, and so crowded 



together as to appear in clusters. (Fig. 20 .) 



45; The foliage of Pines is curious, in that there are 

 two sorts of leaves: (1) the primary leaves which are 

 scale-like and fall away early, and from their axils appear 

 (2) the secondary leaves, much larger, more conspicuous 

 and arranged in fascicles as above described. 



46. Vernation is a term denoting the arrangement of 

 the leaves in the bud. It is a subject of importance in its 

 place, but we will not devote space to it here. The few 

 terms which may occur relating to it will be explained in 

 the Glossary. 



INFLORESCENCE. 



47. This term (from L. in, upon, and floreo, to flower) 

 is applied to the situation and arrangement of the flowers 

 on a plant, and various as this at first may seem to be, it 

 is all reducible to an easy system of classification. The 

 location of every flower is determined by the same laws 

 which apply to the arrangement of the leaves, and only 



in those places do they appear. They develop from buds which, in 

 early stages, are indistinguishable from leaf-buds, and like them are 

 either terminal or axillary. 



48. When a bud develops a single flower, the latter is spoken of as 

 solitary, and the stalk supporting it is its peduncle. In case of a cluster 

 of flowers supported by a common stalk, that stalk is called a peduncle, 

 and each branchlet supporting a flower is called a pedicel. A flower is 



Fig. 19. Leaves of the Red Elm, showing "alternate" arrangement. (From Hough's Ele- 

 ments of Forestry.) 

 Fig. 20. Fascicle of Needle-shaped Leaves of the Pine. (From Hough's Elements of Forestry.) 



FIG. 20. 



