18 INTRODUCTION. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL KINDS OF FRUITS. 



Free Fruits resulting from the ripening of a single pistil, either simple 



or compound. 

 a. Dry Pericarp, 

 b. Indehiscent and 



C. Thin, containing a single ovule; e. g. Buttercup ACHENIUM. 



An achenium inflated and bladder like e. g. Pigweed UTRICLE. 



An achenium with pericarp adherent to seed; e. g. Wheat CARYOPSTS. 



An achenium with wing-like projections; e. g. Ash and Elm SAMARA. 



cc. Thick, hard and furnished with an involucre or cup; e. g. Oak .NuT. 



bb. Dehiscent Pericarp, 



C. Resulting from a simple ovary. 



Dehiscent along the inner or ventral suture; e. g. Pceony FOLLICLE. 



Dehiscent along both ventral and dorsal sutures; e. g. Pea LEGUME. 



A Legume dividing transversely; e. g. Desmodium LOMENT. 



CC. Resulting from a compound ovary; e. g. Iris CAPSULE.* 



Dehiscence by two lateral valves; e. g. Mustard SILIQUE. 



A broad and short silique; e. g. Shepherd's Purse SILICLE or POUCH. 



Dehiscence circunicissile; e. g. Plantain PIXIS. 



aa. Fleshy and Indehiscent Pericarp. 



b. With hardened endocarp a stone or pit; e. g. Cherry DRUPE. 



bb. Without a hardened endocarp. 



C. Seeds distributed through the pulpy mass. 



Rind membraneous; e. g. Gooseberry. BERRY. 



Rind firm and hard; e. g. Gourd , PEPO. 



Rind leathery and easily separable; e. g. Orange HESPERIDIUM. 



CC. Seeds in distinct cells with papery wallj; e. g. Apple POME. 



add. Fibrous or Fibro-fleshy and Indehiscent Pericarp. 



b. Endocarp hardened and cell two-lobed; e. g. Butternut TRYMA. 



Multiple or Aggregate Fruits resulting from the ripening of an aggre- 

 gation of pistils. 



a. Carpels open and scale-like; e. g. Pine CONE or STROBILE. 



aa. Carpels closed and variously aggregated as seen in the Magnolia, Mulberry, 

 Osage-orange, etc NOT WELL CLASSIFIED. 



* "Capsule" and " Pod," in a broader sense, are often used for any free, dry, dehiscent fruit. 



