25. JUNIPEKUS VlRGINIANA RED CEDAR. 75 



matism etc. Made into an ointment, with lard or other animal fat, it 

 is sometimes successfully used as an external application in rheumatism 

 and other local complaints. A volatile oil, extracted from the leaves, is 

 sometimes successfully used its a remedy for worms.* 



GENUS JUNIPERUS, L. 



Leaves evergreen, opposite or in, whorls of three, rigid and of two forms, one awl- 

 shaped and the other scale-like, often both found on the same bush or tree. Flowers 

 dioecious, rarely monoecious, in very small catkins. Sterile catkins ovate, with shield- 

 shaped scales, each bearing at its base 3-7 anther-cells. Fertile catkins ovoid or 

 globose, with few (3-5) fleshy, concave, united scales, each bearing one ovule, and 

 these together becoming in Fruit a sort of berry, but in reality an altered cone, 

 scaly-bracted underneath, blackish or bluish in color, and furnished with a lighter- 

 colored bloom, and containing from 1-8 bony, wingless seeds; cotyledons, two. 



(Juniperus is the classical Latin name of the Juniper.) 



' 25. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA, L. 



RED CEDAR, SAVIN, PENCIL CEDAR. 

 Ger., Virginischer Wacliolder; Fr., Genevrier; Sp., Sabina. 



Leaves mostly opposite, small, connate- decurrent (not articulated) on flie stem in 

 four ranks, and of two forms, one acutish, scale-like, imbricated and closely 

 appressed, making a flat, two-edged branchlet, the other awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, 

 nearly in. (1.27 cm.) in length, loose and spreading. Fruit a small berry a little 

 larger than a pepper-corn, dark blue, covered with a whitish powder, erect on the 

 branchlet. 



(Virginiana, Lat. for Virginian, but applied to the species when "Virginia" 

 meant much more territory than at present.) 



A tree sometimes 80 ft. (24 m.) in height and 3 ft. (0.91 m.) or more in 

 thickness of base, but usually much smaller. It is ordinarily of a short 

 pyramidal form with branches springing from near the ground and 

 reaching far out horizontally, but in some localities, noticeably along the 

 banks of the Hudson river for example, it assumes a very slender, trim 

 pyramidal form, or almost lanceolate in outline, with rounded base and 

 smooth straight trunk several feet in length before branching. The 

 foliage is of a dark-green color, and the bark on old trunks has usually 

 a ragged appearance, the outer layer peeling off vertically in light 

 ribbon-like strips and swinging loosely in the wind. 



HABITAT. Of very extensive geographical distribution, being found 

 from Canada southward to the peninsula of Florida, and westward to 

 the Rocky Mountains, although unknown in many localities within these 

 limits, probably owing to unfavorable conditions of soil or atmosphere. 

 In the north of its range it is found growing along rocky limestone 

 ridges, but in the south often in swamps. 



*U. S. Dispensatory, 15th ed., p. 1432. 



