TIIK ORIGIN AND AXTK,)! IT^' OF MAN 65 



walk erect, liave a lii<;li('r iiitcllccliial (Icxclopinciil than 

 the man-like apes, but which would not yet possess 

 articulate speech. The Javaii form seemed to fulfil 

 Ifaeckel's conception and has come to be knowu as the 

 Pithecanlhr()])Hs Krcctus. The figures show the Pitlie- 



NErtN])ERr,;/!L 



cm?mm or mwh 



FlCiUKi: '21. ('iiiniiari^DU ui Crania. 



cantliropus skull with its low arch. We may now com- 

 ])are the Pithecanthropus and Neanderthal crania ^vitli 

 the higher Cro-Magnon type and with the skulls of an ape 

 and modern man. This comparison is illustrated by fig- 

 ure 21, whicli indicates in a rough way how these discov- 

 eries have partially filled the gaps iii our knowledge of 

 the descent of man from earlier ancestral forms. 



In 1907 a human jaw of great antiquity was discovered 

 in the sands of the Mauer River near Heidelberg. This 

 jaw lay in undisturbed stratified sand at the dejith of 

 about sixty-nine feet from the summit of the deposit,-'' 

 It is very different from that of the modern man, being 

 wide, low, massive, and devoid of a chin, features in 



20 See fi'Mire '22. 



