208 SOCIAL EVOLUTION 



AfricaX The great area of distribution of the brachy- 

 cephalie, narrow-eyed, lank or straight-haired, yellow or 

 red-skinned men, is eastern Asia and western America, 

 chiefly north of the equator along the semi-circular shore- 

 line of Asia and America."* The great area of distribu- 

 tion of the mesocephalic (medium-headed), orthognathic 

 (where there is but slight projection of upper and lower 

 jaws beyond the line of the face), straight and wa\^"- 

 haired, brown or white men, is a broad zone from Poly- 

 nesia in the Pacific, northwestward through southwestern 

 Asia and northern Africa and most of the continent of 

 Europe."* These peoples occupy a zone which coincides 

 with that in whi^li tlie richest remains of prehistoric man 

 have been found J A large proportion of European whites 

 are relatively dolichocephalic; another large proportion 

 are relatively brachycephalic. According to Professor 

 Giddings, any theory of race should accommodate all 

 these points. 



f The word race is popularly associated with color of 

 skin. This classification, however, is not satisfactory. 

 Other distinguishing racial marks such as shape of head, 

 hair form, and facial angle must be considered. Some 

 of these traits occur singly, but often they occur in com- 

 binations. We find that the peoples popularly known as 

 the ^ ^ Yellow Race " have a relatively stable combination 

 of traits so that we find yellow skin usually associated 

 with straight or lank ^air, narrow eyes, and a relatively 

 round or broad head.'^Jf The peoples commonly called the 

 ''Black Race" have a fairly stable combination of black 

 skin, with woolly or kinky liair, heavy jaws protrudin^be- 

 yond the other features, and relatively long headsP/ On 

 the other hand, the so-called "White Race" possesses a 



*See figures G5 and GO. s See figure 67. 6 See figure 68. 



