TlfAXSITION FROM TRIBAL SOCIETY 291 



may have paid rent in iiroduce or rendered tlie proprie- 

 tary grou}) various services. "In lliis differentiation of 

 the ))()])nlation occupying land held by a proprietary kin- 

 (li'cd we ])r<)bal)ly see the heg-innin^s of that sharper di- 

 vision wliicli at a later time is presented within the man- 

 orial community. The groups of non-kindred, inferiors, 

 equal among themselves, were probably the beginnings of 

 the class afterward known as villain tenants. And that 

 democratic equality which many students of economic 

 history a generation ago attributed to the 'village com- 

 munity' probably never existed except within these or- 

 ganizations of non-kinsmen."-'* 



In these several ways, through tribal feudalism in 

 which the bond of allegiance and faithfulness was sub- 

 stituted for that of simple blood relation, as well as 

 tlirough the custom of admitting to certain privileges of 

 the five generation kindred a group of dependents who 

 occupied the proprietary domain, the old structure of 

 ethnic society was broken down and a new basis of rela- 

 tions was appearing. Now the supreme power which is 

 vested in the patriarch of the group, faced new ]n-oblems 

 of organization forced upon it by the contact of a ruling 

 and a subject population. The old usages were found in- 

 effectual in dealing with the complex relations which had 

 arisen. Unattached to the tribes with which they had 

 cast their fortunes, but acquiring wealth and power, the 

 miscellaneous elements living on the tribal domain de- 

 manded juristic and political rights.-^ Commercial 

 rights were first granted with but little hesitation. But 



Mllid., p. 4S2; and Seebohm, Y.—Thc Tribal System in Wales, and Tri- 

 h'll Custom ill Aiifilo-Saxon Law; Soobohm, 11. E. — The Strueiure of Greek 

 Tribal Soeiety; and The Veuedotiait Code, Aneient Laics and Institutes of 

 Wales. 



20 0iildings, Principles, pp. 314-331. 



