APPENDIX 2W 



death from evil magie.'- African liakalai believe tliat if a 

 man should eat his totem the women of his elan would misearry 

 and give birth to animals of the totem kind, or die of some awful 

 disease.^'' If a man of the Elk clan of the Omahas ate of any 

 part of the male elk, he would break out in boils and white spots 

 on diiferent parts of his body.^* Among the Samoans the man 

 who ate a turtle would grow very ill, and the tui-tlo within him 

 would say, "He ate me; I am killing him." '^' .MchiIxts of the 

 secret society of the ITohewachi, fixing their minds on an offender 

 against Omaha tribal custom, tlirust him from all helpful re- 

 hitions with man and animals, so that he suffers misfortune or 

 death. ^"'' And so it goes, belief in the supernatural being invoked 

 to terrify children into obedience to parents, adults into con- 

 formity to custom, and all olT'enders into submission to society. 

 In this way a selected and approved conduct is obtained and the 

 social order preserved without violence. 



But since the punishments promised by belief are not always 

 immediate and the social order must be preserved, the group 

 supplements control by this means with rougher methods. Seri 

 marriage customs are enforced on pain of ostracism and out- 

 lawry.^^ An Omaha brave, well on toward the high rank of 

 chief, yielded to temptation and went upon an unauthorized war 

 party without first performing the ceremonies that alone could 

 give the enterprise the sanction of the tribe. Although he was 

 successful, he was punished by debasement for breaking tribal 

 eustom.^^ Deliberate murder among the Omahas is punished by 

 banishment for four years of solitary life outside the village, 

 eonmiunicating with no one.^" 



Itulian Tribes, II (Philadelphia. 18.51-57), 105-90; J. Bachelor. The Aivu 

 and Their Folk-Lore (London, 1001), pp. 58, 177-78. 



12 E. :M. Curr, The Australian Race, I (1866), 52. 



13 Du Chailler, Equatorial Africa, p. 300. 



ii Third Annual Report, Bureau of Amerira^i Kthnolomi. \\. •22.">. 

 15 Turner, Samoa, p. 50. 



^r- Twenty-seventh Annual Report. Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 497. 

 I- Seventeenth Annual Report, Bureau of Aineriean Ethnolofjij, p. 283. 

 18 Twenti/seventh Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 40."). 

 ^0 Ibid., p. 215. 



