336 NEW ZEALAND LANGUAGE. [PART III. 



3. In others na : 



Arahi guide. 



Arahina guided. 



Aki tossing. 



Akina tossed. 



Kongo hear. 



Rongona heared. 



4. In others hia : 



Wakatangi sounding. 



Wakatangihia sounded. 



5. In others a : 



Wakapoto shorten. 



Wakapotoa shortened. 



6. In others mia, or ngia. 



I have not been able to determine upon what depends the 

 choice of any one of these affixes : often one is taken arbi- 

 trarily for the other, and custom and euphony seem to 

 decide it. 



In the Vocabulary I have endeavoured to give the passive 

 forms most commonly used. 



Of Impersonal Verbs. 



They are infinitives or roots, with the particle ana, which 

 is again the auxiliary ; thus : 



E ua ana ...... a rain it is, or it rains. 



Of Causative Verbs. 



It is a peculiarity of the New Zealand language that, by 

 prefixing the particle waka, a causative verb can be formed 

 from any verb ; thus : 



Kongo hear. 



Wakarongo cause to hear or listen. 



Matau to know. 



Wakamatau cause to know or teach. 



In most cases waka corresponds to the French " faire." 

 This peculiarity enriches the language without complicating 

 its acquisition, as, from knowing a simple root, which is 

 substantive, adjective, and adverb, the verb can be formed 



