AUSTRIA. 149 



Austria, eastward of the Ens, and in which the natives excel post-office, the heavy duty on salt, amounting nearly Austria* 



' v ' most of their neighbours, is their wine. Perhaps to 200 percent, ad valorem, the duty on tobacco, mines 



one-sixth of the arable land of the whole of Lower and minerals, silks, cottons, and all imported merchan- 

 Vineyards. Austria is occupied by vineyards, and these pay at dise, even articles of luxury and of common use from 

 least one-fourth of what we call the landed rent of the Hungary and Bohemia, the duties paid by breweries 



province. The wine here made is a white wine of and distilleries, as well as by wines, whether consu- 



an acid taste, which, when kept for a year or two, is med in the province, or exported, &c. comprehend 



both palatable and wholesome, improves till the age the principal parts of this revenue. It is difficult to 



of twenty years, ind sells in wholesale from the cellar discover the precise amount of the revenue of any 



of the Vienna merchant at eight-pence sterling a specific province of the Austrian empire, and, indeed, 



bottle. The quantity consu:icd in Vienna and the that of the totality of it ; insomuch, that authors, 



province is prodigious, and, together with what is ex- who treat of the political state of this country, are 



ported to the northward, amounted, at an average of all at variance upon it. Ockhart states the revenues 



ten years preceding 1809, to the sum of ten millions of the empire at 110,000,000 of florins; Hock at 



of florins, or 800,000 per annum. The vineyard 100,000,000; the Political Journal of Frankfort at 



husbandry is the most laborious of all others, and 93,193,000; Norman at 1'20,000,000 ; and others 



makes the most attentive and regular farmers ; hence fluctuate between 80,000,000 and 130,000,000. The 



the appearance of steady and systematical industry, florin is between Is. 3d. to Is. 8d. sterling, 

 which delights the traveller who comes into this pro- The national debt of the Austrian empire it is im- Debt, 



vince from any of the northern, western, and eastern possible even to guess at with any tolerable degree of 



provinces by which it is surrounded. confidence. In Vienna it was commonly said, in 



Manufac- Austria is a considerable manufacturing province. 1807-8, to exceed 80,000,000 sterling ; and sup- 



tiireo. Vienna alone contains 54,000 manufacturers in wool- posing Austria Proper to have incurred one-sixth, it 



lens, silks, cottons, leather, iron, steel, glass, porce- has a burden of 1 3,000,000 and upwards fo liqui- 



lain or china-ware, paper, toys, household-furniture, date from a revenue of 1,500,000. 



dress-making, &c. ; and exports, to the different pro- Amidst the present uncertainty and rapid vicissi- Army, 

 vinces of the monarchy, the value of 1,200,000 tudes of the continental powers, which may to-day 

 sterling per annum in manufactured goods. Lintz, possess numerous and well-appointed armies, but to- 

 in Upper Austria, has a cloth manufactory, which, in morrow see them annihilated by a preponderating 

 1805, employed 3000 workmen in the town, and and overwhelming conqutror, it is not a matter of 

 7000 in the neighbourhood ; and several towns on the very great importance to inquire into the precise 

 northern side of the Danube possess woollen manu- numbers or organization of their standing armies, 

 factures, though of inferior consequence. They are The Austrian army, unquestionably the best ap- 

 still greatly inferior to similar establishments in Eng- pointed and the most powerful, upon the whole, ex- 

 land and France; but make a conspicuous figure in cepting the French, stood as follows in 1804 and 

 Germany. The articles which they yield are, at an 1805, and in March 1809 very nearly on the esta- 

 average, 30 per cent, dearer, and sometimes above 60 blishment of 1805 : 

 per cent, dearer than the same articles in England, in Men. 



proportion to their intrinsic value. The same may Peace establishment of 1801 370,945 



be said of their silks and cottons. The numerous War establishment of 1805, 471,312 



prohibitory restrictions, and heavy imposts, are not ft., t r . _. _, r 



r , , . ' _, . ., ' . ' ' , , Ihe Infantry, 2< 1,871 men, was as follows, viz. 



only detrimental to the province with regard to its * . 



foreign commerce, but also extremely pernicious to _, . , . Rc S- Batt - Coinp. Men. 



the internal improvement of the different provinces of 1- Troops of the line, 63 189 1008 193,587 



this empire. Joseph II., who rushed upon every % Grenadier., 21 126 14,364 



project without mature deliberation, fancied that ma- 3. Chasseurs, 1 2 10 2,140 



nufactures would flourish in consequence of prohibit- * Frontier militia, 17 246 144 53,000 



ing almost all goods of foreign fabric ; but he lived 5. Garrison troops, .... 3 7 28 7,000 



long enough to see, that prohibitions, like all other "" invallds 5 1,780 



legislative interferences with the commercial polity 



and national industry of a country, must be very lotal, -71,8/1 



cautiously managed, in order to produce any good Every regiment of the line consists of two compa- 



effect ; and that it is ihe wisdom of governments, ra- nies of grenadiers, of 99 men each ; two field batta- 



ther to foster and direct the national energies, than lions of six companies, each company of 182 men; 



to impel them by violent measures, or in any case and a depot battalion, always engaged in recruiting 



substitute coercion in place of persuasion, and of and disciplining for the regiment, consisting of four 



gradual illumination and advancement. companies. The compliment of each regiment of the 



Revenue. The revenue of Austria Proper is usually estimated line is 3175 men. The grenadiers are men picked out 



at one-sixth of that of the empire, which, in 1808, of the regiments ; not the tallest, as with us, but those 



amounted to nearly 9,000,000 sterling. This very who appear to be the best soldiers. Thirty-nine regi- 



considerable sum of 1,500,000, which exceeds some ments of the troops of the line are always in garrison 



of the northern monarchies of Europe, arises from va- in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia ; and seven 



rious sources, of which the metropolis Vienna fur- in Gallicia. These provinces are divided into circles, 



nishes a large share. A tax on offices, places and pen- for the purpose of maintaining and recruiting them. 



sions, lottery, stamps, bank, the house and land tax, Hungary keeps up 12 regiments, which iorms a 



