BAD 



191 



BAD 



Baden. The only manufactory in this city is one of hats, 



> ' which was established a few years ago by a French- 

 man. Population 14,500. West Long. 6 43', 

 North Lat. 38 44'. See Laborde's View of Spain, 

 vol. i. p. 356 : and Semple's Second Journey in Spain, 

 p. 28. (*) 



BADEN, a margravate of Germany, in the circle 

 of Swabia, situated on the eastern bank of the Rhine. 

 It comprehends the territory which lies between the 

 rivers Pfinz and Swarzback, and is watered by the 

 Ens, the Wurm, the Nagoed, and several other tri- 

 butary streams of the Rhine. It is divided into two 

 marquisates, which were formerly named the marqui- 

 sate of Baden-Baden, and marquisate of Baden Dur- 

 lach. But since the union of these states under 

 one prince, they are merely distinguished by the 

 names of the Upper and the Lower marquisate. 

 The Upper marquisate, of which Baden is the capi- 

 tal, comprehends the northern part of this country, 

 situated between the rivers Pfinz and Alb ; all the 

 rest of it is included in the Lower marquisate, the 

 capital of which is Durlach. Besides these two 

 cities, the principal towns are in Upper Baden, Ras- 

 tadt, Stolhoffer, Steinbach, and Etlingen ; and, in 

 Lower Baden, Carlscruh, Pforzein, Muhlburg, and 

 Emmingen. 



The country of Baden is fertile and beautiful. 

 Its streams are shaded by forests of excellent wood ; 

 its fields wave with luxuriant crops of corn, hemp, 

 flax, and hay ; while its orchards abound with the 

 finest kinds of fruit ; and rich clusters of grapes are 

 seen hanging from its vines. Numerous herds of deer 

 range among the woods and mountains, which are 

 likewise frequented by large flocks of wild fowl. 

 The meadows, irrigated by the Rhine, pasture great 

 numbers of horses and black cattle ; the hogs, fed 

 upon chesnuts, furnish bacon of a delicious flavour ; 

 and valuable fisheries are established on the islands of 

 the Rhine. The mines of Oberweilli and Cande 

 ron produce excellent iron ; and quarries of free-stone, 

 and various kinds of marble, are also found in this 

 country, as well as agates, which the inhabitants po- 

 lish and export in considerable quantities. Manu- 

 factures are much encouraged in Baden, and are in a 

 very flourishing condition. Among others, there is 

 at Durlach a manufacture of that kind of varnished 

 pottery which is called Fayenza, from a town in 

 Italy where it was first invented. The margrave has 

 established at the same place, a few years ago, a fine 

 manufactory of clock-work, of which a particular 

 description will be given under the article Durlach. 

 The margrave of Baden is a sovereign prince, and 

 has two votes in the college of princes ; one for 

 Lower Baden, and the other for the margravate of 

 Stockberg, which is situated along the Brisgaw. 

 His territories are said to be 832 square mile* in ex- 

 tent, and to contain 200,000 inhabitants. His whole 

 revenue amounts to 1,200,000 florins, or about 

 120,000 sterling ; but as the reigning prince has 

 been occupied for many years in improving his finan- 

 ces, suppressing arbitrary imposts, and substituting in 

 their stead a regular land tax, his revenue will, with- 

 out doubt, be considerably increased. The military 

 establishment of Baden consists of 3000 men, 300 of 

 whom are cavalry. The reigning prince, and hi 



subjects in general, are Lutherans j but other sects 

 are tolerated. (ft) 



BADEN, the capital of the Upper marquisate 

 of that name, is situated on the river Oelbach, at 

 the foot of a mountain covered with vineyards,' near 

 the Black Forest. It is celebrated for its hot baths : 

 they are supplied by boiling water issuing from 

 twelve springs, which the inhabitants convey by sub- 

 terraneous pipes to almost every house. N. Lat. 

 48 46', E. Long. 9 24'. (ft) 



BADEN, a small town in the archduchy of Aus- 

 tria, seated on the river Schwocha, and much fre- 

 quented on account of its baths. N. Lat. 48 3', 

 E. Long. 16 12'. (ft) 



BADEN, a county of Swisserland, lying on both 

 sides of the river Limat. It is bounded on the north 

 by the Rhine ; on the east by the canton of Zurich ; 

 on the south by the Reuss ; and on the west by the 

 Aar and the canton of Bern. This county is fertile 

 in corn and fruits, and vines grow in some places 

 along the banks of the Limat. Its extent is about 

 138 geographical square miles, it has three large 

 towns, a borough, and several villages, and contains 

 about 24,000 inhabitants. About the 10th century, 

 Baden was incorporated in the German empire ; and, 

 after being successively subject to the dukes of Zce- 

 ringen, the counts of Kyburgh, and Rodolph of 

 Hapsburg, the canton of Zurich obtained possession 

 of it in the year 1418, and made it a bailliage of the 

 eight ancient cantons, Lucern, Uri, Schweitz, Un- 

 derwalden, Zug, Bern, Uri, and Zurich. Thus it 

 continued, till the civil war broke out betwten the 

 Protestants and Catholic cantons, (A. D. 1712.) 

 It was then seized by the troops of Zuric and Bern, 

 and at the peace of Araw, was ceded to those two 

 cantons and Glarus, which, having remained neuter, 

 preserved its right of joint sovereignty. Till this 

 time the diet had always assembled at Baden, but it 

 has since been transferred to Frauenfield. The three 

 cantons alternately appointed a bailiff, who resided 

 in the castle of Baden, the capital. The inhabitants 

 enjoy the right of electing their own magistrates, 

 and have their own judicial courts. In civil proceed- 

 ings an appeal lies to the bailiff, and from his decision 

 to the syndicate, composed of the deputies of the 

 three cantons, and, in the last resort, to the cantons 

 themselves. In penal causes the criminal court con- 

 demns, and the bailiff has power to pardon, or to mi- 

 tigate the offence. By a decree of the French go- 

 vernment in 1801, Argovie, united with Baden, and 

 the upper part of the Frickthal, was made one of 

 the 17 departments, or cantons of Swisserland, from 

 which 6 representatives were to be deputed to the 

 diet, (ft) 



BADEN, the capital of the above canton, stands 

 on the bank of the Limat, which there flows through 

 a plain flanked by two hills. Its hot baths, from 

 which it derives its name, are much frequented, and 

 were famous even in the time of the Romans, by 

 whom they were called Aquae, or Thermce Helveticee. 

 Baden was originally a Roman fortress, erected for 

 the purpose of checking the Germans ; and still re- 

 tains many monuments of Roman antiquity, such as 

 alabaster statues of several heathen gods, bronze 

 coins, and medals of the emperors, made of gold, sil- 



Ciden. 



