B A I 



207 



B A K 



B.iilment. and whose best interests he had so near his heart, threw 

 mud upon him as lie passed, and followed him with the 

 most insulting reproaches ; whilst the cold rain inces- 

 santly poured r < the grey head of the venerable sage. 

 Having reached the fatal spot, it became necessary to 

 remove the guillotine to firmer ground. During this 

 operation, Bailly was taken from the cart, and com- 

 pelled to walk round the field, to glut the insatiable 

 cruelty of the mob. The brutal multitude spit upon 

 him as he passed, and, notwithstanding the exertions 

 of the executioners, some of them even struck him 

 upon the face. When the apparatus of death was 

 again prepared, Bailly, drenched with rain, and shi- 

 vering with cold, ascended the platform. " You 

 tremble, Bailly," cried one of the mob in a tone of 

 insult. " I tremble, it is true," replied the philo- 

 sopher, " but not with fear." 



Such were the last words of a man, who, during a 

 life of 57 years, acquired the highest reputation as a 

 philosopher and an elegant writer. Even in the tur- 

 moils of a political life, so foreign to his temper and 

 his studies, he obtained the approbation of the most 

 opposite factions, and left behind him a character of 

 the most disinterested integrity. When he held the 

 office of mayor, he spent part of his fortune in re- 

 lievingthcwantsof the poor; and he exhibited the same 

 affectionate disposition in educating eight nephews 

 with all the tenderness of a father. The person of 

 Bailly was cons'derably above the middle size, his de- 

 portment was sedate and grave, and his countenance 

 expressed the intelligence and the goodness which 

 he possessed. In the year 1787, he married Jeanne 

 Leseigneur, the widow of Raymond Gaye, the trea- 

 surer of the clergy, who had been his intimate friend 

 for 25 years. See Bailly Hist. De V Astronomic, 

 torn. iii. p. 69, 70, 180. Journal Encychipediquc 

 de Juin 1773. Decade Philosophique, litterairc ct 

 Politique, 18 Fev. 1795. La Lande Bibliographic 

 Astronomique, p. 730. RioufFe, Memoiresd'un Detenu. 



% 



3AILMENT, in the law of England, is a deli- 

 very of goods in trust, upon a contract expressed or 

 implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on 

 the part of the bailee, to whom they are delivered, 

 and that the goods shall be restored, as soon as the 

 purposes of the trust are fulfilled. 



Bailment comprehends, 1. Deposit; 2. Loan (mn- 

 luum, accomodation) ; 3. Hire (locatio or conductio) ; 

 1-. Pledge ; 5. Carriage of goods for reward ; 0". Man- 

 date, or acting by commission. 



In bailment there is a special qualified property 

 transferred from the bailor to the bailee, together 

 with the possession. It is not an absolute property 

 i.i the bailee, because of his obligation to notoree ; and 

 the bailor hath nothing left in him but the right to 

 a chose in action, grounded upon his contract, the 

 possession being delivered over, in the mean time, to 

 the bailee. The bailee being responsible to the bailor, 

 if the goods should be lost or damaged by his wilful 

 default or gross negligence ; it is reasonable that he 

 should have a right to recover either the specific 

 goods, or else a satisfaction in damages, against all 

 other persons who may have purloined or injured 

 them. The degree of responsibility undertaken by 

 the bailee, and the species of diligence which he is 

 bound to use in the performance of the trust, will 



depend upon the specific nature of the contract. See 

 Sir William Jones's Essay on the Laxo of Bailment ; 

 Blackst. Comment. ; Jacob's Law Diet, (z) 



B AIL YBO ROUGH, a market town of Ireland, 

 in the county of Cavan, celebrated for a lake or pool 

 on the summit of a mountain in its neighbourhood, 

 remarkable on account of the antiscorbutic virtues of 

 its water, and of the mud which is deposited at its 

 bottom. The mud, which is a greasy substance like 

 tar, is brought up from a depth of 30 feet, and rubbed 

 on the parts affected. The water has a chalybeate 

 taste, and is pure to the depth of about 6 feet. The 

 temperature is said to suffer no change either in sum- 

 mer or winter. See Cootes' Statistical Survey of 

 Cavan. ( /) 



B AIR AM, the Greater and the Lesser, the name 

 of two annual festivals among the Mahometans. See 

 Sale's Koran, Prelim. Dissert, p. 150. (j) 



BAIROUT, or Bayreutii, the Berytus of the 

 ancients, a town of Syria, situated near the foot of 

 Mount Lebanon, and remarkable only as being the 

 emporium of the commerce of the Maronites and 

 Druses, who export to it their cottons and silks, and 

 receive in return rice, tobacco, coffee, and specie. 

 These articles are again exchanged for the corn of 

 the Bekaa, and no fewer than 6000 persons are em- 

 ployed in this commerce. A full account of this in- 

 significant town will be found in Volney's Travels in 

 Egi/pt and Syria, vol. ii. p. 187. (/) 



BAITS. See Angling. 



BAIT-EL-LAHAM, the name of the ancient 

 Bethlehem. See Volney's Travels, vol. ii. p. 323,. 

 and Bethlehem. 



BAITING. See Bull-Baiting. 



BAKEWELL, called Badixanwyllam in the 

 Saxon chronicle, is a market town in the hundred 

 of High Peak, in the county of Derby, situated 

 on the river Wye, near its confluence with the 

 Derwent. The church is an elegant piece of ar- 

 chitecture, with a lofty spire resting upon an octa- 

 gonal tower. From several pieces of antiquity dug 

 up in the neighbourhood, Bakewell seems to have been 

 built in the time of the Romans. Near the town is 

 a large cotton mill, erected by Sir Richard Ark- 

 wright, which gives employment to near 400 persons. 

 Number of houses 280 ; population 1 112, of which 

 523 are employed in trade. See the Beauties of Eng- 

 land and Wales; and Dekbysjiike. (ti) 



BAKING, the art of reducing meal or flour of 

 any kind, or any other substance, into bread. This 

 art, simple and necessary as it may appear, does not 

 seem to have been discovered till a late period in the 

 history of mankind. The earlier nations knew no 

 other use of their meal than to make of it a kind of 

 porridge. Such was the food of the Roman soldiers 

 for several centuries, or at most their skill proceeded 

 no farther than to knead unleavened dough into bis- 

 cuits or cakes. Even at present there are many 

 countries where the luxury of bread is unknown. To 

 bake it properly requires many precautions, and a 

 degree of skill which can only be gained by consider- 

 able practice. 



It i3 owing, perhaps, to this circumstance, that 

 those who first began to pursue baking as a profes- 

 sion, have, in their several nations, been held in very 

 high respect. At Rome, into which regular bakers 



Bailyb*. 

 rougli 



i 

 Bakin-r. 



