PiateLII. 

 Fig. 3, 4. 



BAN' 223 



Bandana, man, if the pieces be previously folded, which is ge- 

 1 i' 1 " nerally the case. The pieces, after discharging the 

 red, require only a little cleaning, by the usual proces- 

 ses for coloured goods, when they may be returned 

 to the warehouse, or sent to the calender to be fold- 

 ed and dressed for the market. 



Representations of the press used for this purpose, 

 will be found in Plate LII. Figs. 3. and 4. Fig. 3. 

 is a horizontal plan of the bottom or under part of a 

 press constructed for manufacturing Bandana hand- 

 kerchiefs, of the pattern represented in the figure. 

 Fig. 4. is an elevated section of the press, as seen from 

 the front. In presses of this kind, the chief requi- 

 site is great strength, and for this reason the frame 

 work is commonly made of cast iron. Wherever a 

 spot is to be made, the smooth copper plate CC, 

 which forms the under part or sole of the press, is 

 perforated, and in the upper part is a hollow metal 

 dye or tube commonly made of brass, which exactly 

 fits the hole below. The cloth being smoothly fold- 

 ed in squares, the piece, which generally consists of 

 twelve handkerchiefs, is laid in the press, and the 

 press firmly shut by means of the screw D ; when 

 this is done, the liquor being poured upon thi cover 

 B, which has a rim about half an inch deep to pre- 

 vent it from running off, passes down through the 

 perforated tubes or pipes, and in a few minutes dis- 

 charges the colour from that part of the cloth through 

 which it passes, and thus the spots are formed. Under 

 the sole of the press, another flat piece with rims is 

 placed to receive the liquor, which is conveyed by a 

 small spout into a vessel placed to receive it ; as even 

 after effecting the discharge of the colour, it is of 

 considerable value for other operations of bleaching. 

 AA represents the frame, BB the cover, CC the 

 sole, D the double threaded screw, and E a strong 

 malleable iron wheel for receiving the lever with which 

 the press is shut. 



The mode of pressing by water, which will be 

 found particularly described under the article Cal- 

 len'der, is peculiarly well adapted for this operation, 

 and every other where the press requires to be fre- 

 quently opened and shut. A plan is therefore added, 

 by which the pressure may be effected on a principle 

 irly similar. In this plan the pressure is produced 

 by the piston G working in a smoothly bored hol- 

 low cylinder F, attached to the sole of the press: 

 H is the pipe which contains the water, which, pas- 

 PlateLII. sing through the piston at G, forces up the sole of 

 I'g- 4 - the press and the cylinder F. The dark shade shows 



that part of the pipe which is filled with water, the 

 right hand stop. cock I being open, and the left hand 

 cock at K shut. The press will be instantaneously 

 opened, merely by shutting the cock at I, and open- 

 ing that at K to discharge the water ; and as the 

 pipe may be of a very small bore, very little water 

 will be lost at each operation, no more being dis- 

 charged than that contained between the stop-cocks. 

 It seems very obvious, that where it may be incon- 

 venient to have a pipe of sufficient altitude to give 

 the proper pressure, steam might be very easily in- 

 troduced in the place of water, and wouldi at a very 

 ill expence of fuel, effect the pressing operation 

 h very great power. This hint may, perhaps, be 

 -'ul ; but we are not aware that it' has in any in- 



BAN 



stance been hitherto attempted. In large wotka, Banditti, 

 where there is a steam engine employed for o> : 

 purposes, it seems however to be worthy of cons: 

 ation, being probably a more direct and economical 

 way of attaining the end than by forcing water to 

 the altitude required. 



The chemical substance employed in the operation 

 of discharging the colour, has already been stated to 

 be the oxy-muriate of lime, which, we belieTe, is only 

 prepared in Scotland by the inventor, Mr Tennant 

 of Glasgow. ( j. u. ) 



BANDITTI, from the Italian bandito, persons 

 outlawed. This term being in Italy almost wholly 

 appropriated to those troops of ruffians who infest 

 the highways, and forming a distinct society of them- 

 selves, set the laws of their country at defiance, has 

 become the general appellation of all similar gangs 

 in whatever country. Almost all the countries on 

 the continent are annoyed by banditti, who are so 

 numerous, and united among themselves by so strict 

 and inviolable laws, that no police can afford sufficient 

 security against their depredations. In the eastern 

 part of Sicily, called Val Demoni, especially, they 

 are so formidable, as to have almost the absolute com- 

 mand of the whole district. In the innumerable ca- 

 verns and subterraneous passages of Mount jEtna, 

 they are completely safe from the pursuit of troops; 

 and as they are to the last degree determined and 

 vindictive, the inhabitants, rather than venture to of- 

 fend them, submit, in silence, to their most violent 

 outrages. From these circumstances, their company 

 has become so' numerous and powerful, that the 

 prince of Villa Franca has been induced, from mo- 

 tives of policy, as well as from a regard to safety, to 

 declare himself their patron and protector. Such of 

 them as chuse to leave their mountains and forests, 

 meet with good encouragement and certain protec- 

 tion in his service ; and are treated with unlimited 

 confidence, which they have never been known to 

 abuse. They wear the prince's livery, and are dis- 

 tinguished also by the badge of their order, which 

 commands universal awe and respect. 



In many circumstances, indeed, these banditti are 

 more entitled to respect than the majority of their 



countrymen. Criminal as they are with regard to 

 society in general, their notions of honour are highly 

 refined and romantic. Their promise is inviolable, 

 and their friendship or protection, when once en- 

 gaged, may be relied on with unreserved confidence. 

 Even magistrates have often been obliged to protect 

 and court them ; and as those of their number, who 

 are enlisted in the prince's service, are known and re- 

 spected by all the banditti in the island, the persons 

 of those whom they take under their protection are 

 always held sacred. Most travellers, therefore, en- 

 deavour to hire a couple of these heroes from town 

 to town; and though their pay be high, it is more 

 than saved by their care to secure their protegees 

 from every kind of imposition. " Indeed," says Mr 

 Brydone, " I think they impose upon every body 

 except us ; for they tax the bills according to their 

 pleasure ; and such cheap ones I never paid before." 

 .See Brydone'a Tour through Sicily and Malta, Lett. 

 1. and 5. () 



BANDON Bridge, a large and flourishing town 



