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255 



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Barbarossa. governor is sole chancellor. On the other hand, in 



1 v ' Barbadoes the governor sits in council, even when 



the latter are acting in a legislative capacity, which 

 in Jamaica would be considered as improper and un- 

 constitutional. It may also be observed, that the 

 courts of grand sessions, common pleas, and exche- 

 quer, in Barbadoes, are distinct from each other, and 

 are not united in one supreme court as in Jamaica. 

 Barbadoes is situated in West Long. 57, and North 

 Lat. 13 10'. See Raynal's History of the European 

 Settlements in the East and West Indies, vol. v. 

 Edwards' History of' the British Colonies in the 

 West Indies, vol. i. Pinckard'8 Notes on the West 

 Indies, vol. i. and ii. Clarkson's History of the Abo- 

 lition of the Slave Trade, vol. ii. p. 71. Poyer's 

 History of Barbadoes. Ligon's History of Barba- 

 does. Hughes' Natural History of Barbadoes. 

 Gray's Letters from Canada, 1809, p. 379. Thow- 

 nes, Collect. Acad. Par. torn. iv. p. 79- (w. b.) (t) 

 BARBAROSSA, Horuc, who received his name 

 from the red colour of his beard, was the son of a 

 potter in the island of Lesbos, and must have been 

 born about the year lAui. Animated by a restless 

 and enterprising spirit, he forsook his father's trade 

 when he was little more than thirteen years of age ; 

 and, together with his two younger brothers Hayra- 

 din and Isaac, joined a crew of pirates. Distinguish- 

 ing himself by his valour and activity, he soon ac- 

 quired the command of a small brigantine, which had 

 been fitted out by a merchant of Constantinople, to 

 cruise against such nations, as were not in alliance 

 with the Porte. He steered directly to the coast of 

 Barbary, and was well received by the king of Tunis, 

 who permitted him to put into any of his ports, upon 

 condition of his paying a tenth of every prize ; and 

 to whose subjects he was a very profitable guest, 

 botli by the sale of his booty, and the prodigality of 

 his crew. He was so successful in his piratical ex- 

 cursions, that in little more than the space of eight 

 years, he saw himself, with his brother Hayradin, 

 who was second in command, at the head of twelve 

 galleys, and several smaller vessels, well manned with 

 Turks and Moors. " Together with their fame and 

 power," says Dr Robertson, " their ambitious views 

 opened and enlarged ; and, while acting as corsairs, 

 they adopted the ideas, and acquired the talents, of 

 conquerors." They were particularly desirous of 

 forming an establishment in Barbary, on account of 

 the convenient situation of its harbours, which lay so 

 near to the greatest commercial states at that time in 

 Christendom ; and they did not suffer to pass unim- 

 proved some favourable opportunities which occur- 

 red, for accomplishing their object. Invited to assist 

 the king of Biyeyah in recovering his capital from 

 the Spaniards, they entered keenly into the expedi- 

 tion against the city ; but were repeatedly foiled in 

 their attempts, in one of which the left arm of Horuc 

 was carried away by a cannon ball. In the mean 

 time, he ingratiated himself so much with the inhabi- 

 tants of Jigel, by supplying them with corn in a time 

 of famine, that they invested him with the title of 

 their Sultan, and assisted him in reducing the neigh- 

 bouring mountaineers. While thus actively employ- 

 ed in enlarging his territories and extending his fame, 

 lie received an embassy from Eutemi king of Algiers, 



requesting his aid against the Spaniards. Pleased Barbarossa; 

 with the prospect, which was thus presented, of ac- /" -^ 



quirinsj a more convenient and important station on 

 the African coast, he dispatched his brother Hayra- 

 din to Algiers, with eighteen galleys and thirteen 

 barks ; and himself advanced by land, with 800 

 Turks, 3000 Jigelites, and 2000 moorish volunteers. 

 He stopped at Sher-shel on his way, where another 

 celebrated pirate, named Hassan, had established his 

 power ; and having perfidiously put him to death, 

 he seized his ships, and compelled his adherents to 

 join in the expedition to Algiers. Upon his arrival 

 in that city, he was hailed by Eutemi and his sub- 

 jects as their deliverer, lodged in the most splendid 

 apartments of the palace, and treated with the highest 

 marks of distinction. Inflamed with ambition, he 

 soon aspired to the sovereignty of the country, which 

 he had been invited to protect ; and possessed of the 

 power to accomplish his object, he was very little 

 scrupulous as to the means. He secretly murdered 

 the unsuspecting monarch, who had sought his assist- 

 ance; compelled the Algerines to acknowledge him 

 as their king ; and established his authority by the 

 most sanguinary proceedings. Selim the son of Eu- 

 temi, supported by the Spaniards, attempted to re- 

 cover the throne of his father; but the Spanish fleet, 

 which had come to his assistance with 10,000 troops 

 on board, was dispersed by a storm, and the greater 

 part of the ships wrecked upo the coast. The 

 neighbouring Arab tribes, alarmed by the success, 

 and irritated by the encroachments of Barbarossd, 

 solicited Hamidel Abdes, king of Tenes, to assist 

 them in expelling from Algiers such a formidable 

 neighbour; and in hopes of acquiring the sovereignty 

 of that country for himself, lie boldly advanced to 

 the contest with 10,000 Moors, and a crowd of Arab 

 troops. But the intrepid Barbarossa, with 1500 

 musketeers, easily routed this numerous army, which 

 was armed only with javelins and arrows ; pursued 

 Hamidel to the gates of his capital ; and soon made 

 himself sovereign of Tenes. Leaving his brother 

 Isaac governor of that city, he marched into the 

 country of Tremecen, at the request of the inhabi- 

 tants, to assist them to expel their reigning prince 

 Abuzijon, who had usurped the sovereignty from his 

 nephew Abuchen-Mon. By means of his artillery, 

 he was again victorious over an enemy superior in. 

 numbers ; and the defeated prince having been put 

 to death by his disaffected subjects, Barbarossa was; 

 invited to take possession, of the kingdom. Having 

 alienated his new subjects, however, in a very short 

 time, by his oppressions and extortions, they began 

 to form schemes for the restoration of Abuchea-, 

 Mon ; and that prince, having taken refuge in the 

 Spanish fort at Oran, had found means to interest 

 the Emperor Charles V. in his cause. The Marquis 

 of Gomarez, with 10,000 men, was commanded to 

 reinstate Abuchen in his dominions ; and being joined 

 by Selim, the son of Eutemi, with a number of 

 Moors and Arabs, they advanced to besiege Barba- 

 rossa in Tremecen. Obliged by the revolt of the in- 

 habitants to retire to the citadel, he defended himself 

 there with the greatest vigour, to the last extremity ; 

 but, his provisions beginning to fail, he made his 

 escape by a subterraneous passage, and attempted to. 



