BAR 



283 



BAR 



Barege 



u 



Bari. 



ners ; insomuch, that it was found necessary to enact 

 laws, in order to restrain their irregularities. A cu- 

 rious statute of Oueen Elizabeth, of the year 1567, 

 shews the degraded condition in which the bards 

 were at that period. It premises, that " having found 

 that a number of pretended minstrels, rhymers, and 

 bards, are in the practice of molesting the inhabitants 

 of Wales, and hindering the expert minstrels, rhym- 

 ers, and musicians, from executing their profession, 

 and improving it ; willing, therefore, to rectify this 

 abuse, and knowing that Sir William Mostyn, and 

 his ancestors, have enjoyed the gift of poetry, and of 

 playing on the silver harp ; therefore, we enjoin you, 

 Squire Beoley, Squire Griffith, Ellis Price, and Sir 

 William Mostyn, to assemble on the first Monday 

 after the feast of Trinity ; to choose out the best 

 minstrels of the principality of Wales, and to remit 

 the others to till the ground, or to exercise necessary 

 trades," &c. 



In proportion as these minstrels lost their respect- 

 ability and consideration, their compositions sunk in 

 merit, and became as degraded as their persons or 

 their manners. See Evans de Bardis. Walton's 

 Hist, of Eng. Poetry. Jones' Relict of the li'clsh 

 Bards. Suard s Melanges de Liter, vol. ii. (i) 



BAREGE, or Barrege, a village in France, in 

 the department of the Higher Pyrenees, celebrated 

 for its thermal waters. The temperatures of the 

 four hot springs at Barege differ considerably from 

 each other. The lowest is 73 of Fahrenheit, and 

 the highest about 120. These waters contain sul- 

 phuretted hydrogen, united to a small quantity of 

 soda, a little common salt, and a small quantity of 

 slimy bituminous matter. The specific gravity of 

 the water is a little greater than that of distilled wa- 

 ter. In disorders of the stomach, in affections of the 

 urinary organs, and in the resolution of indolent tu- 

 mours, the waters of Barege have been found of 

 great advantage. The waters are carried to a great 

 distance, and preserved for a long time, though not 

 without losing some of their medical virtues. East 

 Long. 3' 30", North Lat. 42 53'. See Saunders 

 on Mineral Waters, and Rutty 's Methodical Synop- 

 sis of Mi nr ail Waters, (j) 



BAREITH, Bakeuth, or Bayreuth, is the 

 capital of the ancient margraviate of Bareith, a prin- 

 cipality in the circle of Franconia. It is situated be- 

 tween the three rivers Mein, Mistelbach, and Sendel- 

 bach, on the frontiers of the new kingdom of Bavaria. 

 The margraviate of Bareith was annexed to the king- 

 dom of Prussia in 1782, and in the year 1801 it sup- 

 ported a population of 205,440. The town of Ba- 

 reith, which presents nothing interesting to the eye 

 of a traveller, was formerly the seat of numerous 

 manufactures. Population 10,000. East Long. 11 

 50', North Lat. 49 55'. See Keysler's Travels, 

 . vol. iv. let. xc. 345 ; and Peuchet's Diet, de la Geog. 

 Commerq. (*) 



BARI, the Barium of the ancients, is a sea port 

 town of Naples, and capital of the province of Bari. 

 The inhabitants employ themselves partly in fishing, 

 and in the manufacture of glass, linens, and cottons. 

 The province, which contains about 695,278 English 

 acres, and a population of 281,01-8, produces corn, 

 wine, oil, ootton, saffron, and fruits. According to 



Barilla 



Chantreaux, the population of the town is 30,000 ; 

 but the estimation of Swinburne, who makes it only II .,, 



6000, is probably more correct. East Long. 16 52', e yi i .. 

 North Lat. 41 15'. See Swinburne's Travels, vol. ii, 



P- l t U) 



BARILLA, the name under which the impure 



carbonat of soda is imported from the coasts of Spain 

 and other ports of theMediterranean. See Soda. (u>) 



BARK. See Tanning, 



BARK, Peruvian. See Materia Medk-a. 



BARKING, a market-town of England, in the 

 county of Essex, situated on the small river Rhod- 

 ding, and on a creek that leads to the Thames. The 

 chief inhabitants of the town are fishermen, who con- 

 tribute to the supply of the London fish-market. 

 At a short distance from the town, towards Dagen- 

 ham, stands an old house, where the gunpowder plot 

 is said to have been hatched. Population, 2182. 

 Number of houses, 419. See Lyson's Environs of 

 London, and Morants' History of Essex. (tt>) 



BARLESIA, a genus of plants of the class Di- 

 dynamia, and order Angiospermia. See Botany. (m>) 



BARLETTA, a sea-port town of Naples, in the 

 province of Bari, whose ruinous exterior, and thin 

 population, form a striking contrast with its. interior 

 magnificence. The houses are large and lofty, and 

 the streets spacious and well paved. The antique 

 granite columns of the cathedral, and the colossal 

 statue in the market-place, which is seventeen feet 

 three inches high, and is supposed to represent the 

 emperor Heraclius, are among the principal curiosi- 

 ties of the town. The harbour, \yhich is command- 

 ed by the citadel, consists of several irregular piers, 

 but affords no shelter for shipping. The exports of 

 the town are corn, almonds, salt, and liquorice which 

 grows in the swamps without cultivation. East 

 Long. 16 20', North Lat. 41 19'. See Swinburne's 

 Travels, vol. i. p. 275. () 



BARLEY. See Agriculture Index. 



BARLEY Mill, the name of a machine for ta- 

 king the husks from barley. 



A barley mill of the most improved construction 

 is represented in Figure 1. of Plate LIII. The Plate I,HI, 

 water wheel A is eighteen feet six inches diameter Fig. 1. 

 and carries fifty buckets, each of which is three feet 

 three inches wide. On the water shaft B, that car- 

 ries the water wheel, is fixed the spur wheel C, which 

 is eighteen feet diameter, reckoning from the pitch 

 stroke, and has 340 teeth. The spur wheel C im- 

 pels the pinion D of thirty-two teeth and one foot 

 8.4 inches diameter, fixed upon one extremity of the 

 shaft E, while the other extremity carries the wheel 

 F of 150 cogs and seven feet 11.45 inches diameter 

 to the pitch stroke. The wheel F drives the pinion 

 G, fixed on the stone spindle H, and having a dia- 

 meter of four feet six inches. The spindle H carries 

 the millstone I, which is four feet six inches in diame- 

 ter, and one foot five inches thick, and which per- 

 forms 280 revolutions in a minute. 



The wheel K, of fifty t< k and two feet diameter, 

 impels the wheel L of the me number of teeth and 

 diameter, which is fixed . n the spindle R. On 

 the spindle R is a conioal place, upon which the 

 pinion M of twenty-live teeth : nd one foot diameter, 

 is fixed by means of a brass bush fitted into the centre 



