BAR 



2SI 



BAR 



Mariuw. of the pinion! and then bored exactly to tit the cone 

 l - "V ' in the spindle R. Below the base of the cone is a 

 brass ring 3, to keep (he pinion M firm upon the 

 cone, by means of four screw-bolts, which bring the 

 pinion firmer to the base of the cone. On the other 

 side of the pinion are two projections 1,1, commonly 

 called snugs, which take into similar projections on 

 the end of the catch 2, 5. This catch slides along 

 the spindle R by moving the lever N, but goes round 

 with the spindle by means of two tongues fixed on 

 the opposite sides of the spindle, one of which is 

 partly visible at 4 in the Figure. Two grooves are 

 cut on the inside of the catch, to admit the tongues, 

 in order to carry the catch round with the spindle. 

 The wheel NO, having 102 teeth, and a diameter of 

 four feet 1-J- inches to the pitch stroke, is screwed to 

 the side of the hoops or cases that inclose the stone. 

 These hoops, a section of which is represented by 

 a, b, c, d, are made in two parts, and screwed to- 

 gether by four bolts 6, 6, 6, 6. They are lined with 

 milled iron, pierced into small holes, in order to per- 

 mit the escape of the dust, and prevent the barley 

 from being carried along by means of the mill-stone. 

 When the hoops are turned round by the wheels 

 already described, they are supported and kept clear 

 of the stone by the collars h and i. The collar h is 

 larger than i, in order to give room to the spout PT 

 to fill the hoops with barley. This is effected by a 

 thin plate of iron k, about an inch larger in diame- 

 ter than the inside of the collar, which is kept close 

 to the side of the collar next the stone by the staple 

 / on each side of the stone spindle. The other end 

 of it is kept fast by the cover of the pillow block m. 

 In the plate k, a hole is cut for the end of the spout 

 PT. When the barley is made, the hoops are stop- 

 ped by putting the lever N towards^/ 1 : a small sluice 

 uhich is upon the side of the hoops, as at a, b, is 

 then opened, and the made barley is allowed to run 

 off into the trough Q. When the hoops are thus 

 emptied, the sluice is shut, and the lever N is brought 

 to g. By this means the wheel M engages with the 

 spindle R, by the catch 2, 5, and the sluice X being 

 opened, the hoops are filled with fresh barley. ( j. a.) 

 BARLOW, Thomas, was born at Langhill, 

 in Westmoreland, in the year 1607 ; and was descend- 

 ed from the ancient family of Barlow-Moore in Lan- 

 cashire. He received the first elements of his educa- 

 tion at the free school of Appleby ; and, in the six- 

 teenth year of his age, removed to Queen's College in 

 Oxford, of which he was chosen a fellow in 1()33- 

 Two years afterwards, he was appointed metaphysi- 

 cal reader in the university ; and his lectures were 

 published in 1637, for the use of the students. In 

 1652, he was elected head-keeper of the Bodleian 

 Library ; and, about "he same time, was appointed 

 lecturer of Church-hill, near Budford. In 1657, he 

 was chosen provost of his college ; and, after the re- 

 storation of Charles II., was nominated one of the 

 commissioners, for reinstating the members, who had 

 been ejected by the parliament in 1648. In 1660, he 

 was admitted Margaret professor of divinity ; in the 

 following year was elected archdeacon of Oxford ; 

 and in 1675, became bishop of Lincoln. He died at 

 Bugden, in Huntingdonshire, in 1691, in the 85th year 

 of his age. He bequeathed his books partly to the 



Bodleian Library, and partly to Queen's College in Barmouth 



Oxford; and all his manuscripts of his own compo- " , 



i i i i *TT-ii' *-iiT, Barnaul. 



sition to his two domestic chaplains, William Omey, 



and Henry Brougham, with a particular request, that 

 they should not be made public. The principal of 

 his works that have been published, are his Me- 

 taphysical Lectures, a Treatise on Toleration, the 

 Gunpowder Treason, Advice to a Young Divine, 

 Miscellaneous Cases of Conscience, Genuine Remains, 

 a variety of letters and pamphlets, but particularly a 

 number of powerful attacks upon the system of po- 

 pery. Bishop Barlow was a man of the most exten- 

 sive literary attainments ; intimately acquainted with 

 the learned languages ; eminently skilled in theology, 

 church history, civil and ecclesiastical law ; and tho- 

 roughly master of the controversies between the Pro- 

 testants and Papists. He was entirely addicted to 

 the Aristotelian philosophy, and keenly hostile to 

 those improvements in physical science, which were 

 introduced by the Royal Society. He was a rigid 

 adherent to the sentiments of Calvin, and a devoted 

 admirer of the school divinity. In his episcopal cha- 

 racter, he has been justly censured for never appear- 

 ing in his cathedral and visiting his diocese ; and 

 his political conduct during the troublesome period, 

 in which he lived, was of the most timorous and 

 time-serving description. He was possessed, how- 

 ever, of many excellent qualities ; was ever ready to 

 befriend the learned of every country and denomina- 

 tion ; and displayed more just and liberal sentiments 

 on the subject of toleration than any individual of his 

 time. See Biog. Britannica, and Biog. Dictionary / 

 Grainger's Biog. Hist, of England, vol. iv. (</) 



BARMOUTH, a small watering place in the 

 county of Merioneth, in North Wales, situated on a 

 bay of the same name at the mouth of the river Maw, 

 or Avon. The houses of this town are all built on 

 the bottom and on the declivity of a steep hill. At 

 high water the tide forms an estuary on the rivet- 

 about a mile broad; but numerous sand banks render 

 the entrance hazardous. Great quantities of flannel 

 and hose are made here, and no less than 40,000 lbs. 

 of the former, and 10,000 lbs. of the latter, were ex- 

 ported from Barmouth in one year. See Pennant's- 

 Tour in Wales; and Bingley's Tour round North 

 Wales, (j) 



BARNADESIA, a genus of plants of the class 

 Syngenesia, and order Polygamia Equalis. See Bo- 

 tany, (tu) 



BARNARD Castle, a neat and well built town 

 of England, in the county of Durham, situated on the 

 river Tecs, and deriving its name from the magnificent 

 castle built here about the year 1 178, by Bernard Ba- 

 liol, upon the summit of a high rock. This town was 

 formerly celebrated for the manufactory of white 

 leather breeches, and for tammies or Scotch camblets. 

 A number of weavers are still employed in making 

 camblets, and the stocking trade is carried on to a 

 considerable extent. Number of houses, 304. Po- 

 pulation 2965, of which 465 were returned as em- 

 ployed in trade. See Hutchinson's History of Dur- 

 ham, vol. iii. (q) 



BARNAUL, a town of Siberia, situated in the 

 government of Kolyvan, on the west side of the Oby, 

 and famous for its silver and copper mines, in 



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