B E R 



474 



BER 



Berlin. causeways is a fine gravel walk, planted with lime- 

 "" ^ trees, which is always a fashionable place of resort. 



The park on the south side of the Spree is above 

 three miles round, and is frequented by great crowds 

 on Sunday, when they are provided with ever)- kind 

 of refreshment and amusement. The park at Char- 

 kvttonberg, where the court resides in summer, is also 

 an agreeable place of resort. At Bellevue is to be 

 seen the bust of Prince Henry of Prussia, a I'/itf 

 d'eeuvre of Houdon, and also the monument of Baron 

 Bielefield. The environs of Berlin are remarkably 

 pleasant, and are adorned with beautiful villas, canals, 

 and vineyards. The palace of Schoenhauscn ; the 

 mineral waters at Fredericksbrunnen ; the beautiful 

 villages of Buchholz and Pankow ; the view of the 

 famous fortress of Spandau, from the top of the hill 

 at Pickelswcrder, are among the objects which adorn 

 the environs of Berlin. 



In Berlin there are numerous establishments for the 

 advancement of literature and science, and for the pro- 

 motion of useful and benevolent purposes. Besides 

 the A cademy of Sciences, which we have already fully 

 described in the article Academy, there are ; the 

 royal college of medicine and surgery ; the clinical 

 institution ; the royal veterinary school ; the royal 

 academy of arts and the mechanical sciences ; the 

 royal academy of architecture ; the royal riding aca- 

 demy ; the royal military academy ; the society of 

 physicians ; the pharmaceutical society ; the pedago- 

 gical society ; the academy of singing ; the philoma- 

 thic society ; the humane .society ; besides 5 colleges, 

 an institution for the deaf and dumb, numerous 

 schools with pensions, and 41 fwspices for charity and 

 health. 



There are a great number of valuable manufactures 

 carried on in Berlin. In the manufacture of silk no 

 fewer than 2788 looms, and 5085 workmen, were em- 

 ployed in the year 1799, and the value of what they 

 manufactured amounted to 1,869,880 crowns. In 

 the manufacture of woollen, cotton, and linen goods, 

 4224 looms were employed, and 4689 workmen ; the 

 annual value of their work in 1799 being 2,850,760 

 crowns. In the various other manufactures, which 

 are 44 in number, the workmen employed were 4337, 

 and the annual value of their produce 3,522,480 

 crowns. The whole number of looms employed in 

 Berlin were 7014, the number of manufacturers and 

 artizans 14,406, the annual value of their work in 

 1799, 8,350,028 crowns, the value of the original 

 materials 5,190,08 4 crowns, the value of the articles 

 old in the kingdom (i,844,922, and the value of 

 those sold out ol it 1,123,058. 



Berlin is divided into five separate towns or wards, 

 viz. Berlin Proper, Cologne or Coeln, Frederickswer- 

 der, Dorothestadt or Neustadt, and Frederickstadt. 

 Berlin Proper, which was founded in the 12th cen- 

 tury by a colony from the Netherlands under Albert 

 the Bear, lies in an island formed by two arms of the 

 river Spree. Cologne, which is probably of the same 

 antiquity, also lies in an island formed by two arms 

 f the Spree, and is separated from Berlin Proper by 

 the principal arm of that river, which is crossed by 

 four bridges, three of which are of stone and one of 



wood. Frederickswerder and Dorothestadt were Berlin, 

 both built by the Elector Frederick William, the Bermuda*. 

 latter of which he called after his wife Dorothy, 

 and which is the finest part of Berlin. Frederick- 

 stadt was founded by the Elector Frederick 111. 

 forming the south-west part of the town, and joining 

 with Frederickswerder. The streets are remarkably 

 spacious and regular, and are adorned with lime-trees. 



The interior aconomy of the houses in Berlin is 

 far from corresponding with their outward appear- 

 ance. In handsome houses, the apartments are in a 

 ruinous state, and the furniture mean and dirty. Sol- 

 diers lodge in the ground floor, and mechanics of 

 the lowest class occupy the upper story. A similar 

 contrast exists between the external appearance of 

 the inhabitants and the comforts which they enjoy at 

 home. Every expense conducive to true comfort is 

 grudged ; while nothing is spared to deck the per- 

 sons of the ladies. The number of courtezans is 

 greater inBerlin than in any other town in Europe 

 of the same size, and they observe none of that ex- 

 ternal decorum which is to be seen among this licen- 

 tious class in other parts of the continent. 



During the 15 years from 1769 to 1782, M. Be- 

 guelin found the average temperature of Berlin to 

 be 49. 



In 1645 there were only 1236 houses in this city j 

 in 1747, they amounted to 5513 ; in 1779, to 6137 ; 

 and in 1790, to 6950. The population, including 

 the garrison of 30,000, amounts to 169,000, which 

 is above 20 inhabitants to one house. East Long. 

 13 26' 15", and North Lat. 52 32' 30". See Rein- 

 hard's Tableau de Berlin a la Jin du 18we siecle, 

 Berl. 1801. Mila, Guide de Berlin, Sec. 1802. Ni- 

 colai Description de Berlin, Sec. 4 vols 8vo, 1786. 

 Reichard's Guide des I'ogagevrs en Europe, 1S02, 

 torn. ii. p. 4-0. Reisbeck's Travel*, vol. iii. Moore's 

 Travels, &c. vol. ii. ; and Thiebault's Sejour du 

 Vingt ans a Berlin, 3 vols. () 



BERMUDAS, or Someus' Islands, are situated 

 in the Atlantic ocean, in W. Long. 63 28', N. Lat. 

 32 35' ; and are between 200 and 300 leagues dis- 

 tant from the American continent, and the other 

 West India islands. They were discovered in 1527 

 by John Bermudas, a Spaniard, who merely saw them 

 at a distance, and gave them his name ; but who did 

 not land upon them, or acquire any information con- 

 cerning them. About the same time, Henry May, 

 an Englishman, was shipwrecked upon one of the 

 largest of these islands; returned to Europe in a ves- 

 sel of cedar wood, which he had found means to build 

 there, by the help of materials collected from the 

 wreck of his own ship ; and was the first who pub- 

 lished any account of the Bermudas. They were 

 found, at their first discovery, to be entirely uninha- 

 bited j and though, in 1572, the king of Spain made 

 a grant of them to one of his subjects, no settlement 

 was formed upon any of them by the Spaniards. In 

 1609, Sir George isomers, Sir Thomas Gates, and 

 Captain Newport, on their way to Virginia as deputy 

 governors, were cast upon the Bermudas ;* and dis- 

 agreeing among themselves, each of them built a ship 

 of the cedar growing upon the islands, in which they 



Rom thi . event, Shakcpeare is supposed to have taken the name and several of the incidents of his comedy, 

 Tempest." Douce's Jlluttrations of Sl<alce}ii.are, vol. i. p. 5. 



The 



