

B L A 



558 



B L A 



BUck Sea, come down by the Don to the ea of Azof, to be 

 Ulackburn. cdrr ied to Taganro, or directly to Kertsh or Caffa. 

 **"""' Butter and fat come also by this route, and with 

 considerable profit to the traders. The sailcloth of 

 the interior part of Russia, the hemp, the linens, of 

 which there are great abundance, above all in the de- 

 partraenU of Penza, of Nishnei-Novogorod, and of 

 Woronetz, have a short passage to make to come 

 down by some lesser rivers to the Don. 



" A depot of the merchandises which Natolia draws 

 at present from the caravans of Smyrna, and by Con- 

 stantinople, might be more advantageously situated 

 in the Crimea, if a privilege to remove it could be 

 obtained from the court of Russia, or if a free port 

 were permanently established. In taking by this mart 

 the silks of Brouse and of Persia, it would turn to 

 the account of Russia herself. It is to be remarked, 

 that the drugs which came from the confines of Per- 

 sia, instead of being sent into Russia by Tifflis, and 

 from thence to their destination, are embarked at the 

 Persian Gulf, and afterwards return by the Baltic, after 

 having made, as one may say, the tour of the world." 



Under the present article, the Editor expected to 

 have been able to communicate some new and inter- 

 esting information respecting the commerce and anti- 

 quities of the Black Sea, from his friend Colonel 

 Leon Waxell of St Petersburgh ; but particular cir- 

 cumstances have prevented him from availing himself 

 of the assistance of that able antiquarian, who tra- 

 velled into the countries upon its shores in 1797 and 

 1798. In the mean time, this defect may be sup- 

 plied by consulting his learned work, entitled, Recueil 

 de quelques antiquites trouvees stir les bords de la 

 Mer Noire appartenans a' I' empire de Ilussie, des- 

 tines apres les orig:naux en 1797 et 1798, par Leon 

 de Waxell, Conseiller de Cour au service de S. M. J. 

 de toutes les Russies, et Correspondant de 1' Acade- 

 mic ; Berlin, 1803. See also Herodotus, Melp. 4, 

 85, 86- Strabo, lib. i. Barbie du Bocage Analyse 

 de la Carte des marches et de I'empire d' Alexandre, 

 p. 801. Olivier's Voyage, Sfc. torn. i. p. 69- and At- 

 las, plate ii. Tournefort's Voyage au Levant, torn. ii. 

 p. 124, 125. Buffon, Hilt. Nat. torn. ix. Pallas' 

 Travels. Dureau de-Lamalle, Geographie Physique 

 de la Mer Noire, 8cc. Paris, 1807, chap. xxvi. xxxi. 

 xxxvi. Reuilly's 'Travels in the Crimea, and along 

 the Shores of the Black Sea, chap. xi. Clarke's 

 Travels in different countries in Europe, Asia, and 

 Africa, torn. i. p. 643, 672. ; Appendix, p. 711. See 

 Caspian, Constantinople, Ckimea, Russia, and 

 Turkey, (ii) 



BLACKBURN, a town of England in Lan- 

 cashire, situated upon the river Derwent, in a val- 

 ley encircled with hills, and deriving its name from 

 the blackness of the water in the Derwent. The 

 town consists of severa. streets, and contains no re- 

 markable buildings, except four Btone bridges over 

 the river. A very considerable trade is carried on 

 here, in cotton, calicoes, and muslin, and in a kind 

 of stuff called Blackburn gray, which is linen shot 

 with cotton. Blackburn now communicates by ca- 

 jials with the rivers Dee, Mersey, Ribble, Ouse, 

 Trent, Severn, Humber, Thames, and Avon ; and, 

 from this circumstance, its trade has considerably iu- 

 ..creased. Coal and alum arc found in the neighbour. 



hood. Number of houses, in 1801, 2332. Popula- 

 tion 1 1 ,980 ; of whom 6800 were returned as em- 

 ployed in trade and manufacures. See Aikins' De- 

 scription of the Country from Thirty to Forty Mites 

 round Manchester, 4to, 1795. See also Lanca- 

 shire. . (*) 



BLACKBURNE, Francis, a name which will 

 ever be revered by the friends of religious liberty. 

 He was born at Richmond, in Yorkshire, on the 

 9th of June 1705. On the bank-of the river Swale, 

 in that vicinity, his ancestors had been in possession 

 of an estate, which his grandfather was under the 

 necessity of selling ; and, afterwards engaging in the 

 stocking manufacture at Richmond, he was enabled 

 to leave his son in flourishing circumstances. The 

 latter died at an early age, and left two sons and a 

 daughter. Francis Blackburne, the eldest of these 

 sons, received his grammatical education at the 

 schools of Hawkshead in Lancashire, and Sedbergh 

 in Yorkshire. In 1722 he was admitted a pensioner 

 of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he took the 

 degree qf bachelor of arts. He was afterwards elect- 

 ed conduct, or chaplain-fellow ; and, on this title, 

 obtained deacon's orders in 1728. It was not till 

 1739 that he received priest's orders, previously to 

 his induction to the rectory of his native town. This 

 living he obtained through the interest of Sir Con- 

 gers d'Arcy, and John York, Esq. the representa- 

 tives of that borough. For some time he was titular 

 chaplain to Dr Matthew Hutton, archbishop of 

 York ; who collated him in 1750 to the archdeaconry 

 of Cleveland, and to the prebend of Bilton. These 

 are the only church preferments which he enjoyed ; 

 and the aggregate of his emoluments did not amount 

 to j6 200 per annum. From the period of his set- 

 tlement at Richmond, he applied himself, with great 

 earnestness, to his parochial duties ; and he became 

 in every respect an exemplary minister. His first ap- 

 pearance as an author was in 1742, when he printed 

 an assise sermon preached at York. His strenuous 

 defence of Christian liberty he commenced in the 

 year 1750, by. publishing An Apology for the Au- 

 thors of a Book, entitled Free and Candid Disquisi- 

 tions relating to the Church of England. It was ge- 

 nerally supposed, that, in the composition of that 

 book, he had some share ; but this he solemnly de- 

 nied. In 1756 he engaged in the controversy re- 

 specting the intermediate state of souls. This sub- 

 ject had been discussed in a very learned and curious 

 treatise of Dr Thomas Burnet ; and it still occupied 

 the attention of theologians. Mr Blackburne's ear- 

 liest treatise on this topic, is entitled No Proof in the 

 Scriptures of an Intermediate Stutc qf Happiness or 

 Misery between Death and the liemrrection : in an- 

 swer to Air Goddard's Sermon. He published se- 

 veral other tracts on the same subject ; and conclu- 

 ded his labours in 1765, with A Short Historical 

 View of the Controversy concerning the Intermediate 

 State, deduced from the beginning qf the Protestant 

 Reformation to the present time : uith a prefatory 

 Discourt* on the Use and Importance of Theological 

 Controversy." An edition of this work, with large 

 additions, was published in 1772. 



In these productions he displays a large fund of 

 theological learning, and much forte of reasoning ; 



BlacV- 

 bunie. 



