BON 



655 



BON 



Bond, 

 Oondou. 



infeftment ; in consequence of which, the lands were 

 burthened with a certain annual rent to the receiver, 

 redeemable by th^ proprietor, on repayment of the 

 purchase money. These being bargains affecting 

 land, the rights were understood to be heritable. 

 And even for some time after the Reformation, the 

 form of these rights was preserved, with little varia- 

 tion. But afterwards these rights were changed into 

 proper bonds, by which the debtor becomes person- 

 ally bound to repay the principal sum, and interest, 

 and, as a further security, obliges himself to infeft 

 the creditor in the annual rent. AU bonds, there- 

 fore, bearing a clause of infeftment are heritable. 



Bonds merely personal, on the other hand, have 

 always been moveable before the term of payment ; 

 but, afterwards, they were anciently considered as 

 Jeoda pecunice, and consequently heritable. But by 

 the statute 1661, c. 32. all sums contained in con- 

 tracts and obligations are made moveable in regard 

 to succession ; although they still continue heritable 

 with respect to the fisk, and to the rights of husband 

 and wife. The statute excepts bonds bearing an 

 obligation to infeft, and bonds payable to heirs and 

 assignees, secluding executors ; which continue heri- 

 table in all respects, 



A bond taken payable to heirs, without any men- 

 tion of executors, descends, not to the heir in heri- 

 tage, but to the executor. But a bond taken to 

 heirs-male, or to a series of heirs, is heritable. Bonds, 

 originally moveable, may become heritable, either by 

 destination, or in consequence of a supervening heri- 

 table security. But heritable rights do not become 

 moveable by supervening moveable securities. 



All bonds, whether merely personal, or even heri- 

 table, before seisin, may be affected by creditors, ei- 

 ther by the diligence or adjudication, which is pecu- 

 liar to heritage, or by arrestment, which is peculiar 

 to moveables. Bonds secluding executors, although 

 they descend to the creditor's heir, are payable by 

 the debtor's executors, without relief against the 

 heir. See Erskine's Prin. of the Law of Scot. b. ii. 

 t. ii. 3. et sea. (z) 



BOND of Bottomry. See Bottomry. 



BONDOU, a kingdom in Africa, situated in W. 

 Long. 11 50', N.Lat. 13 53', betwixt the Gambia 

 and Senegal rivers; and bounded on the east, by 

 Bambouk ; on the south-east and south, by Tenda, 

 and the Simbani wilderness ; on the south-west, by 

 Woolli ; on the west, by Foota Torra ; and on the 

 north, by Kajaaga. The name of its capital is Fatte- 

 conda. The country is woody, and elevated ; but in 

 fertility it is believed to be equal to any part of 

 Africa. In the month of December the banks of 

 Faleme, the chief river, are covered with large and 

 beautiful fields of corn, called by the natives manio; 

 and by botanical writers, from the depending posi- 

 tion of the ear, holcus cernuus. 



The inhabitants are of the tribe of the Foulahs, of 

 a yellow complexion, with small features, and soft 

 silky hair. They are naturally mild, and gentle in 

 their dispositions; but they consider all the negro 

 natives a3 their inferiors ; and, when speaking of dif- 

 ferent nations, always rank themselves among the 

 white people. 



Their religion n Mahometan, and they 

 3 



pay 



sacred regard to the laws and authority of the pro- Bondoii. 

 phet. Religious persecution is, however, unknown ' * y~ 

 among them ; for no molestation is given to those who 

 chuse to retain their ancient superstitions. In the 

 different towns schools are established, in which the 

 Pagan as well as the Mahometan children are taught 

 to read the Koran, on the principles of which, their 

 character and manner are invariably formed. From 

 the nature of their religion, they are less hospitable 

 to strangers, and more reserved in their manners, than 

 their Pagan neighbours. With the Mahometan faith 

 the Arabic language has of course been introduced s 

 their native tongue abounds in liquids, but their ar- 

 ticulation is uncouth. 



In the occupations of pasturage and agriculture, 

 their industry is remarkable ; and it has not only se- 

 cured to them all the necessaries of life, in the greatest 

 abundance, but also, comparatively speaking, raised 

 them to a high degree of opulence. In the manage, 

 ment of their cattle they are extremely skilful, and, 

 by kindness and familiarity, have made them very 

 gentle and tractable. When night approaches, they 

 collect them from the woods, and secure them in 

 folds; and in the middle of each fold a small hut is 

 erected, in which some herdsmen keep watch during 

 the night, to prevent the cattle from being stolen, 

 and to keep alive the fires which are kindled round 

 the huts, to secure them from the attack of wild 

 beasts. The milk of their cows is of an excellent 

 quality ; and is used, but not till it be quite sour, as 

 the chief article of diet. The rich cream affords them 

 great quantities of butter, which, when melted and 

 treed from its impurity, is preserved in earthen pots, 

 for the purpose of seasoning their dishes, and anoint- 

 ing their bodies. They are, however, unacquainted 

 with the art of making cheese; partly from their 

 rooted prejudice against every new invention, and 

 partly, from their mistaken belief that the advantage 

 would not sufficiently compensate for a process, which 

 appears to them so tedious and troublesome. They 

 possess also some excellent horses, which appear to 

 be a mixed breed of the Arabian with the original 

 African. 



On the rirer Faleme, whose current is rapid, and 

 its banks rocky, the natives are much employed in 

 fishing ; and they catch the large fish in the follow- 

 ing manner : They build walls of stone across the 

 stream, open places being left through which the 

 water rushes with great force. Below these open- 

 ings they place baskets, more than twenty feet in 

 length, made of split cane ; and when once the fish 

 have entered them, the force of the stream prevents 

 them from returning. The small fish, which are 

 about the size of sprats, are taken in great numbers 

 in hand nets, which the natives weave of cotton, and 

 use with great dexterity. These are prepared for 

 sale by being pounded entire, the moment they are 

 catched, in a wooden mortar ; and then are exposed 

 to dry in the sun in large lumps, like sugar loaves. 

 Their smell is very disagreeable ; nevertheless they are 

 esteemed a great luxury, and bring a considerable pro- 

 fit in the Moorish countries, to the north of the Se- 

 negal, where fish is little known. 



The central situation of Bondou, betwixt the 

 Gambia and Senegal rivers, has rendered it a place 



