BOOK-KEEPING. 



671 



Hook- 

 Keeping. 



v ^ 



The Wast 

 book. 



17. The Auxiliary Books are, 



1st, The Cash Book. 



2d, The Bill Bonk. 



3d, The Invoice Book. 



4th, The Sales Book. 



5th, The Book of Ac- 

 counts-current. 



6th, The Book of Com- 

 missions. 



7th, The Book of Char- 

 ges. 



18. 



8th, The Copy Book of 

 Letters. 



9th, The Book of Post- 

 age of Letters. 



10th, The Book of Ships 

 Accounts. 



11th, The Receipt Book. 



12th, The Pocket Book 

 of Memorandums. 



. The Book of Accounts-current, 



The Book of Commissions, 



The Book of Charges, 



The Copy Book of Letters, and 



The Receipt Book, 

 are so useful, that they are introduced into every of- 

 fice. 



19. The method of arrangement in the auxiliary 

 books, depends on the rules in the principal books ; 

 therefore, the forms of these are the first to be ex- 

 plained. 



CHAP. III. 



The Waste-book. 



20. The Waste-book is a Day-book, in which 

 the several transactions which occur are recorded in 

 the order of business, and in the most plain language. 



21. It begins with an inventory of the whole pro- 

 perty of the merchant, authorised by his name. 



The circumstances to be mentioned are, 

 1st, The date. 

 2d, The part of the transaction that belongs to 



the merchant. 

 3d, The person. 

 4th, The payment. 



5th, The quantity and quality, mark, &c. 

 6th, The price. 



22. It is ruled with three columns to the right, for 

 . s. d. ; one to the left, for a margin ; to which it 

 is convenient to add another inner column, pencilled 

 and parallel to the margin, at the distance of four 

 letters, to regulate the beginning of the lines speci-. 

 fying the quantity and quality. 



23. The entries are to be made on the left hand 

 page throughout this book. Particular care is to be 

 taken, that no space be left at the bottom of the 

 page to introduce a new article ; and that no article 

 shall be inserted near the bottom of the page, unless 

 it can be fully entered in it : otherwise, the space 

 must be occupied by a diagonal line. 



24. The date is in the centre, and ink lines are 

 drawn from it to the perpendicular lines, in every 

 transaction. 



25. 



-January the \tt, 1807. 



Bought of A. B. for ready money, 

 40 pieces of linen cloth at 3 V piece 



I* 



120 



Boo It- 

 Keeping. 



CHAP. IV. 



The Journal. 



26. The Journal is a Day-book, in which the two The Jour- 

 parts of every transaction of the Waste-book are as- naU 

 certained by their proper titles, and by their mutual 

 relation of debtor and creditor in the transaction, 



to be brought to their separate accounts in the Le- 

 ger. 



Hitherto this was made a separate book, and was 

 ruled in the form of the Waste-book. 



27. In the present system, the right hand page of 

 the Waste-book is divided into two equal spaces 

 from the top to the bottom of the page, with money 

 columns in each ; and the titles belonging to each 

 part of the transaction are written in a protracted ho- 

 rizontal line, with their corresponding expressions in 

 the Waste entry, either in the column to the left, < 

 called the debtor column, or in the column to the 

 right, called' the creditor column, according to the 

 nature of their relation to each other. Each division 

 is to have a margin for a reference to the Leger, by 



a single figure, which points out the folios of the 

 Leger, when these accounts have no entry in the 

 Numero-book ; but when they have, a fractional ex- 

 pression is used, and the numerator points to the Le- 

 ger, and the denominator to the Numero-book. Each 

 title is written in a large and thick letter. 



28. By ascertaining the titles, and their relation 

 to each other, the articles are sufficiently prepared 

 for the Leger, and for the novel purpose of a ba- 

 lance by the Day-books. The narrative of the Jour- 

 nal entries become useless, because the original entry 

 is in view on the left hand page ; and because these 

 entries, which are in five different forms, never can 

 give one precise rule for the narrative of the Leger : 

 They most commonly apply to the debtor entry, and 

 but in one case to the creditor entry ; whereas these 

 two parts have always separate and distinct forms of 

 narrative in the Leger, appropriate to their titles, 

 except in the conjunction of some personal and real 

 accounts ; as will appear in the direction to be given ' 

 for the narrative of the Leger ; an instruction which 



has been omitted by the several writers on this sub- 

 ject. 



29. The titles of the accounts are so well arranged, 

 and so brief, that they not only express the object of 

 the transaction, but also the relation in which it 

 stands to the person who conducts it ; thus, the 

 titles are first divided into the classes of real, per- 

 sonal, intermediate, or summary; and, since these 

 accounts may be for the sole benefit of the conduc- 

 tor, or for the benefit of another, or for himself and 

 another, they are divided into 



Proper 1 f the first set ; 



Factorage > which are called < the second set ; 

 Company J (_ the third set. 



30. For the understanding of the relation which 

 the parts of the transaction bear to each other, mark- 

 ed by the words debtor and creditor, it is necessary 

 to observe, that the entry of the Waste-book is (ac- 



