BOOK-KEEPING. 



675 



Book- 

 Keeping;. 



Book of 

 Charges 



BiU-book. 



Invoice- 

 book. 



Book of 

 .-ile*. 



mlt ; for the charges, which are collected into one 

 sum in the Leger, may in the Journal post have seve- 

 ral lines ; therefore an exact copy is necessary to pre- 

 vent disputes. 1 nis book ought to have an alpha- 

 bet as well as a Leger check. The Example, 164*, 

 will shew how exactly these accounts should follow 

 the accounts in the Leger. 



56. The Book of Charges is useful to save the 

 immense trouble of making three different entries for 

 each trivial sum which must be expended in a large 

 family connected with an extensive business. The 

 use of the other auxiliary books is to be now ex- 

 plained. 



57. The Bill-book. The immediate use of this 

 bcok is to save the trouble of resorting to the Leger, 

 to examine when the bills become due, and ako when 

 the merchant's notes become payable ; that the form- 

 er may be collected, and provision made for the pay- 

 ment of the latter. 



58. It may be advisable to enter in this book any 

 stim6 which are otherwise receivable or payable with- 

 in the succeeding month ; such as annuities, rent, &c. 

 The entries in it are very particular, as will appear 

 from this example : 



2d, 



[ 



7th, Amount of; 



8th, Cost of; 



9th, How disposed of ; 



10th, The amount re- 

 ceived. 



The 8th and 10th co- 

 lumns are the exact drafts 

 of the outer columns of the 

 Leger entries. 



1st, The number of the 

 bill in the order of its en- 

 try 



" The Drawer, 

 Accepter, 

 Promiser 

 3d, Promissee 

 4th, Every Indorser ; 

 5th, Date ; 

 6th, Day payable ; 



59. The Invoice-book contains every particular re- 

 lating to the goods shipped in the most obvious lan- 

 guage ; as, goods shipped in such a ship, A. B. mas- 

 ter, consigned to A. C. of such a place, to be sold 

 for account, 



or by order of ; 



or for the account of E. F. and me ; 

 or for the account of A- G. and E. F. 

 and me, each jd. 



60. Then mention the 



Quantity, 



Quality, 



Mark, 



Number, 



Cost, 



Charges, 



id if the transaction 7 /-. 

 , c , ,, > Commiision. 



be tor another, the J 



After every particular is mentioned, the total is car- 

 ried to the waste entries, in which there ought to be 

 a reference to the folio page of this book. 



61. The Book of Sale* is written in the form of 

 the Leger, like the Invoice book. 



It contains on the left hand page the particulars of 

 the wares to be sold, and on the right hand page the 

 different sales made. Though in the form of the 

 Leger, it is one of the Day-books, and may have all 

 the advantage of the Leger reference ; thus, it may 

 be a sure draft for the book-keeper. It was intro- 

 duced into tiie office to shew immediately the quanti- 

 ty of wares for sale; afterwards its great utility ap. 

 7 



and 



Book- 



Keeping. 



Book of 



Commis- 

 sions. 



Book of 

 Letters. 



Book of 

 Ships Ac- 

 counts 





peared by the opportunity it afforded to make up 

 the factorage and company accounts, when it was not 

 possible to do so on account of the great arrear in the 

 posting of the Leger. The final entries of each ac- 

 count of this book are carried to the Journal, and 

 then to the Leger ; in both they are posted by the 

 title Sundries ; about which title, see note on 52. 



This book will be mentioned 182. ; it is of prin- 

 cipal use in forming the balance sheet, and, by the 

 brief manner in which it is formed, will give no ad- 

 ditional trouble in the office. See the Numero-book 

 of each of these sets, immediately after the Journal, 

 from which it is posted by the denominator of the 

 fractional expression annexed to those accounts that 

 are to be brought to it. * 



62. The Book of Commissions contain a fair copy 

 of all the orders received from employers, by which 

 the merchant must exactly regulate his conduct to 

 avoid all loss through mistake on this part. 



63. The Copy-book of Letters is also necessary 

 for the same purpose. 



64. The Book of Ship Accounts, like the In- 

 voice-book, contains too many particulars to be left 

 to the entry in the Waste-book. 



The expenses from the arrival to the sailing should 

 make but one Leger entry, which will shew the great 

 importance of this book. It ought to have a Leger 

 check. 



CHAP. VII. 



The Methods hitherto used to prove the Leger to be 

 a Transcript of the Day-book, and the Balance 

 in the Leger. 



65. It is taken for granted, that every transaction Whether 

 of the merchant's business is truly entered in the Day the Leger 

 and Auxiliary books. Any omission in these must " e a fair 

 be supplied by memory, and regularly posted. ' C " F 



66. A great difficulty arises to know, whether the 

 Leger be a fair and true copy of the Day-books, and 

 to prove this various expedients have been contrived ; 



1st, Such as the examination of the posting marks 



in the Journal. 

 2d, The particular, and 

 3d, The general trial balance. 

 4th, The separation of the money columns by 

 months in the Leger. 

 The utility of each of which shall be now examined. 



67. When any article is posted from the Journal 

 to the Leger, there is a mark by a figure, referring 

 to the page in the Leger in which the same entry is 

 made; each figure, according to its place, ( 48.) 

 expressing a debtor or creditor entry. To examine 

 these, by calling over the whole Journal, gives a 

 proof, by inspection, that each article is entered both 

 on a debtor and creditor side. 



68. The next process is to add all the debtor co- 

 lumns of the Leger into one sum, and the creditor 

 columns into another. If these two sums agree* 

 there is nothing to hinder the merchant to proceed 

 to a balance ; if they do not agree, a trial balance is 

 to be made of each month, that the particular month 

 in error may be known. ' 



(j'J. For this purpose, it is better to have this done 



opyi 



Day-book. 



