682 



BOOK-KEEPING. 



Hook- which the merchant may with ease at any time resort 

 Kicpmg. to a8cer tain what remain. 



This short account is in 



188. The Sales-book, or Numero or Warehouse- 

 book. It is formed by debtor and creditor, and ruled 

 in the manner of the Leger, with a column of refer- 

 ence to the Journal page of the entry. 



184. It is uniformly posted by single entry, (be- 

 cause the counterpart is in the Journal,) except in 

 the cases of 



1st, Barter, 



2d, Partial returns for consignments, 



3d, And counterbalancing accounts between fo- 

 reign factors. In these the two entries are in the 

 Numero-book, 1st set, January 15th. 



185. Wares received by gift are entered in the 

 Numero-book ; and if disposed of in the same man- 

 ner, the quantity is separated by the creditor entry. 



186. If the wares be bartered, the quantity given 

 away is entered on the creditor side of its title, and 

 the wares received are entered on the debtor side of 

 its proper title. 



187. The accounts with foreign or other factors, 

 whose remittances are attended with loss or gain by 

 exchange, have inner columns, which form these par- 

 ticular accounts in the same manner as the accounts 

 of goods and wares ; and, therefore, these balances, 

 ( 73.) are ascertained and collected in the same 

 manner like the other balances, and respectively 

 brought to the debtor or creditor column of the ba- 

 lances of the Day-book, according to the rate of ex- 

 change of the day, 136. 



188. All the accounts of wares, and with foreign 

 and other factors, bills, and voyages, are entered in a 

 very short though satisfactory maniter, to enable the 

 book keeper to collect the balances, Ol. 



189. The accounts of goods admit but of one ex- 

 ception, that is, when the precise value of any speci- 

 fic quantity cannot be made out, ( 100.) in which 

 case they are to be closed with a double balance, and 

 the amount of the money, value of each sale, is to be 

 entered in the Numero-book. 



CfLVP. XII. 



Articles which have Entries in the Money Columns 

 of the Journal. 



Articles ^90* The ru ' e ^ posting the Journal is, the title 



which have being entered in tin language of the Journal, enter 

 entries in the amount of each debtor and creditor entry in the 

 the money n)OI , cy column. 

 1st, Of cash. 



2d, Acceptances and notes payable. 

 3d, Bonds payable 



4th, Contracts for money borrowed on bottomry 

 payable. 



5th, The discount of the 2d, 3d, and 4th articles, 

 in the event of payment before they becon.e due. 



6th, The accounts title, A. B. his account, A. B.C. 

 their account. 



columns of 

 the Jgur 

 md. 



7th, All common personal accounts ; the debtor BooV- 

 and creditor sides of all these accounts exactly agree ' 

 with the debtor and creditor side of the cash and 

 personal accounts in the balance-sheet. 



191. The creditor side of cash can never be greater 

 than the debtor side, but by an error, 89; if the 

 creditor side of A. B. his account, and of A. B. C. 

 their account, be greater, the merchant owes so much ; 

 and his property on the debtor side is lessened by so 

 much. 



192. But, Notes payable, 



Acceptances, 



Bonds payable, 



Contracts for bottomry payable, 

 are real debts in their first entry, and being payable 

 at a future day, may be lessened by discount ; for 

 this reason this title is to have a special entry in the 

 money column of the debtor side, precisely to take 

 off an error which would really be on the creditor 

 side of the account ; for example, if the note passed 

 for 50 be paid by 49 ; the article for which it 

 was passed really cost but ,i !*). (See 1st set, 

 March 19.) This item of discount will appear in the 

 closing of these accounts in the Leger, by the title 

 of profit and loss. All anticipated payments are with- 

 in this rule. 



193. Then let each page of the Journal be added, 

 and the total of it carried to the balance sheet, and 

 collected into one sum in the balance-sheet. 



194. The merchant then proceeds to examine by 

 his Numero-book what 



Wares, 



Bills, 



Bonds, 



Bottomry contracts receiveable, r 



Ships, 



Houses, 



Lands, 



Furniture, 



What is the original value of the goods closed by 

 a double balance j the total charges of wares on com- 

 mission not closed ; his share of wares in company ; 

 charges on do. ; adventures in Co. ; the balances due 

 by foreign or other factors, whose accounts have in- 

 ner column* ; this total, with the total of the debtor 

 side of the Journal, is the same that should appear 

 on the debtor side of the balance 6heet in the 

 Leger. 



195. And the total of the creditor side of the 

 Journal, with the balances due by the merchant to 

 foreign or other factors, whose accounts have inner 

 columns, and the total cash amount of the sales of 

 such wares as are closed by a double balance, and 

 sales on commission not closed, form the lame amount 

 that should appear on the creditor side of the balance 

 sheet in the Leger. 



196. The difference between these two sides is 

 the real property of the merchant, and solves the 

 question, What is the merchant worth ? 



197. If the merchant desire to ascertain precisely 

 his gain or loss for any particular period, he is then 

 to debit and credit the stock title in the money co- 

 lumns in the Journal, whenever that title occurs, Le- 

 ger, page 6. 



