SAVE US FROM INVADING PESTS 



153 



lined above, to be succeeded after a short period by an 

 absolute embargo. 



Years ago Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Hol- 

 land, Switzerland and Turkey prohibited absolutely all 

 entries of nursery stock from the United States. These 

 countries took this step after one severe lesson, viz., the 



Photograph by R. K. Btattie. 



INFECTED BLACK CURRANT LEAP 



The white pine blister disease propagates on currant and gooseberry leaves and 

 then spreads to the trees. This black currant leaf is lightly infected. The 

 orange pustules show as dark spots in the photograph. 



introduction of the grape phylloxera from America which 

 ruined their vineyards, but we have had numerous severe 

 lessons in the United States and no adequate measure for 

 protection has been adopted and enforced. Had the 

 United States Government taken similar action, even at 

 that time, this country would now be free from the 

 brown-tail moth, leopard moth, citrus canker, chestnut 

 blight, white pine blister canker, alfalfa weevil and many 

 lesser pests introduced since that time. 



Only this year we are informed that an extremely 

 dangerous borer of the twigs of peach, apricot, cherry 

 and plum trees has been introduced into the District of 



Columbia, presumably from Japan, and having multi- 

 plied enormously, has spread for miles around, injuring 

 about 90 per cent of these trees in its path. At this time 

 it promises to be one of the most serious fruit pests ever 

 introduced in this country. 



Under the present conditions of inadequate and nearly 

 futile inspection, the importation of pests will be a con- 

 tinuous performance. It is beyond human ability of the 

 most expert kind to inspect plant imports with absolute 

 certainty, and past experience has shown the weakness 

 and failure of our present system. More stringent methods 



Photograph by T. J. Horton. 



WHITE PINE BLISTER DISEASE 



Showing the open blisters on the bark of a young white pine from Wisconsin. 

 This is an introduced disease which is extremely destructive to white pine 

 (five-needled pines). In some cases 100 per cent of the trees in a given stand 

 have been found to be infected. 



must be adopted. I firmly believe that there reposes in 

 the educated men of this country a sacred trust that 

 they shall pass on to the next generation the best possible 

 conditions for the promotion of agriculture, horticulture, 

 forestry and public health. 



FLATHEADED BORERS ON FOREST TREES 



FLATHEADED borers are among the most important 

 of the borers infesting forest trees in the United 

 States. Some mine the leaves, one burrows into the 

 cones, a number bore into the inner bark and outer wood 

 of the trunk, branches, and roots, while the majority ex- 

 cavate oval winding "wormholes" throughout the sound 

 or decaying sapwood and heartwood. 



The bark-borers often girdle and kill healthy trees or 

 those injured by fire, floods, droughts, diseases, other in- 

 sects, or careless lumbering, and at other times weaken 

 trees so that they become easy victims of diseases, other 

 insects, or unfavorable environment. Sometimes when 



they do not kill the tree outright their work causes dead 

 limbs or twigs, or serious defects, checks, or gum spots to 

 form in the wood, or swollen galls to form on the branches. 

 The wood-borers mine the sapwood and heartwood of the 

 trunk, top, and larger branches and thus destroy or seri- 

 ously injure a large amount of the tree's most valuable 

 product, its timber. Wormholes will cause the finest 

 grade clear lumber to become unfit for the higher grade 

 uses and therefore unsalable at the higher prices. 



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