200 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



As if this close balance was not ix-ril enough, there is 

 the added fact that the United States depends upon Can- 

 ada for a third of its news-print paper, either in the form 

 of finished product or raw material. This proportion is 

 increasing rapidly. The pressure of economic conditions 

 and lack of foresight in cutting the forests have so depleted 



BEATING OR MIXING MACHINE 

 The different ingredients which are used in the manufacture of the sheet of 

 paper are put in these tubs, where they are thoroughly mixed and refined by 

 passing the stock between a revolving roll filled with knives, and a stationary 

 plate made up in a similar manner. This process takes place just before putting 

 the stock on the paper machine. 



the available private supply of pulpwoods in many of the 

 paper manufacturing states that there is not enough left 

 to last more than ten or fifteen years. As a consequence, 

 Canada is more and more called upon for pulpwoods, 



It is this condition of dependence that should be 

 ended. Changes in Canadian policy might at any time 

 cut off our newspapers from this source of supply or make 

 it available only at excessive cost. On the other hand, 

 our own forest resources are ample to meet all the paper 

 requirements of the country. Aside from the waste ma- 

 terials produced in the manufacture of lumber and the 

 possible growth on 65 or 70 million acres of cut-over for- 

 est lands in the Northern States, the publicly owned 

 National Forests contain enough pulpwood to supply the 

 entire paper needs of the United States for the next eighty 

 years. Cut intelligently, it constitutes virtually an in- 

 exhaustible supply for all time. 



Raw Materials Available in the West 

 The Forest Service has estimated the pulpwood in 

 the National Forests at three hundred billion feet. This 



MECHANICAL WOOD PULP GRINDER 



This machine reduces the wood blocfes to fine fiber, hydraulic pressure holding 

 the blocks against a revolving sand-stone. 



and American manufacturers are showing an increasing 

 disposition to slip across the border into the virgin 

 forests of the Dominion. 



THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE 



This illustration represents the finishing end of a paper machine. The stacks, 

 of chilled steel rolls shown in the illustration are used for surfacing, or, in other 

 words, ironing the sheet of paper to a smooth surface. The lower section of 

 the machine represents so-called reels, slitters and winders. Here the paper is 

 trimmed into the desired widths. 



means six hundred million cords, and for all paper of all 

 kinds we use but seven million cords a year. There are 

 other large supplies of pulpwood on privately owned lands- 

 in the West. These western raw materials are much 

 cheaper than the woods now used by paper mills in the 

 Northeast. While pulpwood stumpage in the Northern 

 States costs from $2.50 to $5.00 per cord standing in the 

 forest, first-class western timbers are available at prices- 

 ranging from 25 cents to $1.50 per cord. Long-distance 

 transportation and the large investments tied up in paper- 



