PINE BLISTER DISEASE QUARANTINES 



303 



Nevada Quarantine against territory east of the 

 Mississippi, Minnesota and all foreign countries. 



New Jersey Quarantine against five-leaved pines 

 from all New England, Pennsylvania, New York, Minne- 

 sota and Wisconsin. 



New York Quarantine against five-leaved pines from 

 New England, Ohio, Indiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, 

 Pennsylvania, Illinois and New Jersey; and an appropria- 

 tion of $15,000 as well as $10,000 already given for sup- 

 pression. Also black currants are declared to be a public 

 nuisance, are to be eradicated and all necessary state 

 quarantines enforced by the state authorities. 



Ohio Quarantine against five-leaved pines from all 

 points outside the state. 



Oregon Quarantine against territory east of the Mis- 

 sissippi and all foreign countries. 



Pennsylvania Quarantine against all five-leaved pines 

 from points outside the state. The appropriation bill is 

 still in the legislature. 



South Dakota Quarantine against all points outside 

 the state. 



West Virginia Quarantine against all points outside 

 the state. 



Wisconsin Quarantine against five-leaved pines from 

 points outside the state. 



Nebraska -The State Entomologist is authorized to 

 declare a full quarantine. 



Maine Appropriation of $5,000 for 1917, $5,000 for 

 1918 and power to destroy pines, currants and gooseberries, 

 to fix a compensation and to quarantine. 



Vermont Appropriation of $25,000 to include cam- 

 paign against gypsy moth and other plant insect and 

 disease control work. 



New Hampshire Appropriation of $28,000; the state 

 forester is given power to destroy pines, currants and goose- 

 berries except in nurseries, and the state nursery inspector 

 has quarantine power. 



Rhode Island An appropriation of $25,000. 



Connecticut An annual appropriation of $7,500 and 

 $5,000 extra for use during the currant season. 



Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Mary- 

 land are now considering stricter quarantine measures to 

 keep out the disease. 



A NECESSARY QUARANTINE LAW 



"AGRICULTURE has long suffered unwarrantably 



/A from pests the alfalfa weevil, the boll weevil, the 



grape phylloxera, for instance. 



"This is especially true of that great department of 



agriculture, the Forest Service a service which embraces 



privately-owned as well as publicly-owned forests. They 



have had to face the onslaught of the brown-tail moth, 



the chestnut blight, and now the pine blister rust, which 



threatens the white pines of the United States and Canada, 



valued at over $350,000,000. The only way to control the 



disease seems to be to eradicate in the neighborhood of 



white pines the currant and gooseberry bushes, both wild 



and cultivated, on which the rust propagates and spreads 



to the pines, and to institute strict quarantine laws. 



"The pine blister rust has not heretofore been widely 

 prevalent in America. It now exists in the states of Maine, 

 New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 

 Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Wis- 

 consin, and Minnesota. Hence it is necessary to quaran- 

 tine these states, together with portions of other states, 

 prohibiting the movement from them to other states of 

 five-leaved pine nursery stock and of currant and goose- 

 berry stock. In addition, the movement of this stock 

 from the most seriously infected states (the New England 

 states and New York) to the less seriously infected states 

 should also be prohibited, as should be the importation 

 of all currant and gooseberry plants from Europe and Asia. 



"It is a satisfaction to know that these three things 

 are now being done, and that our Government can follow 

 the examples of Germany, Austria, France, Holland, and 

 Switzerland in enforcing quarantines. Among the meas- 

 ures passed by the Sixty-fourth Congress the new Quaran- 

 tine Law has escaped general notice, perhaps because it 

 was passed on Sunday, March 4, just before adjournment. 

 It is one of two amendments to the Agricultural Appro- 

 priation Bill, added because of the urgent plea made by 

 the American Forestry Association. The first of these 

 amendments appropriated $300,000 for the investigation 

 and eradication of the pine blister rust. The second gave 

 to the Federal Horticultural Board of the Department of 

 Agriculture authority to declare effective quarantines 

 against tree and plant diseases. Existing law permitted the 

 Board to declare a quarantine only where a dangerous 

 plant or insect infestation was known to exist. Of course 

 such quarantine was manifestly inadequate. The Board 

 needed the power to declare a quarantine wherever 

 quarantine should be necessary to prevent the spread of 

 the infestation. 



"All lovers of the forest and all who are interested 

 in forestry in any way will be relieved to know that at 

 last our Government has the power to deal effectively 

 with disease, and has taken three necessary measures to 

 that end." From the Outlook, April 16. 



YE GOUSEBERRYES 



IF the fight which is being launched this year to save 

 the white pine forests from destruction by the pine 



blister rust proves successful, gooseberry jam will 

 be a rarity. In a curious old manuscript of the 1 7th cen- 

 tury, Recettes Medicates d'autrefois a Jersey, we are told 

 how our forefathers made "gouseberry custurd": 



"Take a posnet and put in a little rose water, put in 

 gouseberryes as many as you thinke fitt, then put them 

 into the posnet and boyle them till they be boyled to 

 peaces, then take them up and beate to yealkes of eggs 

 and put them in ye gouseberryes, then put it into a platten, 

 and then put sippetts into the platten but you must 

 first of all sweeten it very well." 



A WOOD specimen found in glacial drift and estimated 

 by the Wisconsin State geologist to be approximately 

 half a million years old has been identified by the Forest 

 Products Laboratory of the Forest Service as spruce. 



