SOME WOOD BEARING INSECTS 



771 



A.fter mating the female of this insect bores a hole 

 directly through the hard outer bark of the hickory 

 making a burrow about an inch in length, just under- 

 neath. This burrow is known as the egg gallery since the 

 eggs are deposited on either side of the cavity and range 

 in number from twenty to forty for each adult. The 

 female usually dies soon after depositing her eggs and 

 her remains can often be found in the old egg gallery. 

 The larvae, small white grubs reaching a length of a 

 quarter of an inch when full grown, hatch in a short time 

 after the eggs have been deposited and immediately be- 

 gin to work their way outward in either direction at 

 right angles to the original cavity, each larva making a 



moth. Its onmivorous habits render it more destructive 

 than many of the deep-wood borers since it preys on' 

 almost all kinds of deciduous trees, especially the maples, 

 lindens and ashes. Like many of the deep-wood borers 

 this insect does not bring about immediate death by 



FIGURE 6. BRANCH OF BLACK LOCUST HONEY COMBED BY 

 BORERS, ABOUT ONE-FOURTH NATURAL SIZE. PHOTOGRAPH 

 OF CATERPILLAR AND BEETLE ABOUT NATURAL SIZE 



separate channel which grows larger as they proceed 

 outward on account of the increase in the size of the 

 caterpillar. These burrows will explain the strange 

 markings to be found under the bark of dead hickories. 

 The larvae remain under the bark until the next spring 

 when they emerge by eating their way through the hard 

 outer bark, leaving it with the appearance of having been 

 riddled with shot. The only artificial rneans of control- 

 ling this insect is similar to that proposed for other bark- 

 borers, i. e., cutting and destroying infested trees in order 

 to check the spread of the pest. 



The European leopard moth (Fig. 5), among the deep- 

 wood borers, is one of the most destructive where it has 

 become established, having, as its name implies, been in- 

 troduced from Europe. The name "leopard" is suggest- 

 ed by the spotted markings of both the larva and adult 



FIGURE 5. MAPLE BRANCH SHOWING BURROWS OF LEOPARD 

 MOTH WITH CATERPILLAR, ABOUT NATURAL SIZE. DRAW- 

 ING OF ADULT MOTH ALSO ABOUT NATURAL SIZE 



girdling as is so often the case with the bark-borers, 

 but its injuries are more indirect, resulting in a 

 weakening of the branches through mechanical injury 

 which, with the subsequent decay, causes them to be- 



