614 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



only by manufacturers of castor oil. The principal 

 castor-oil mills are located at Jersey City, New Jersey, 

 Buffalo, New York, Toledo. Ohio, and Grand Rapids, 

 Michigan. In general the equipment and operation of 

 a castor-oil mill resembles that of a cottonseed oil mill 

 or linseed-oil mill, but special and expensive equipment 

 is necessary for the proper extraction of the oil from 

 castor beans. The best grade of oil is obtained from the 

 beans by hydraulic pressure. An additional quantity of 

 oil of lower grade is obtained by treating the press cake 

 with naptha or other volatile solvent. The pomace re- 

 sulting from the second extraction is used as a fertilizer 

 for tobacco, corn and other crops, but because of a 

 poisonous principle cannot be used for cattle feeding 

 unless specially treated. 



Owing to the heavy outlay required for the necessary 

 machinery and the high cost pi manufacture on a small 

 scale, it has not been found profitable for the growers 

 of castor beans to undertake the extraction of the oil. 



The castor-oil plant is not known to be poisonous, and 

 although the leaves are not relished by farm animals they 

 are said to be used as fodder for cattle in India. Castor 

 beans, however, contain a poisonous principle, and 

 though harmless when handled, may cause serious, if 

 not fatal effects, when eaten, especially in the case of 

 small children. Care should be taken to prevent these 

 beans from being accidentally mixed with the grain fed 

 to animals, since many cases have been reported in which 

 the death of horses has been due to eating feed in which 

 they have become mixed. 



"SAVE PAPER!" 



rpHE American Forestry Association earnestly urges 

 its members to comply with the request of the War 

 Industries Board and economize in the use of all paper, 

 as it is only by individual effort and co-operation that 

 the supply of paper for essential purposes may be main- 

 tained. 



The following appeal has been sent out by the Board : 



DON'T PAPER IS ESSENTIAL : It has been placed 

 WASTE on the priority list only on the express con- 

 PAPER dition that all wastes be eliminated and every 

 economy be practiced. In doing this the 

 Government will use its best efforts to provide 

 sufficient paper for strictly needful purposes, 

 but nothing more. Every distributer con- 

 verter or user of paper is hereby notified that 

 the continuance of his supply is dependent 

 strictly upon his observance of the rulings 

 of the War Industries Board, one of which is 

 that paper must not be wasted. Failure to 

 comply with this requirement will lead to the 

 withdrawal of any or all priority privileges, 

 without which the supply cannot be main- 

 tained. 



SEVEN REASONS WHY PAPER MUST NOT BE 

 WASTED. 



1. The Government's requirements for all kinds of 

 paper are increasing rapidly and must be supplied. 



2. Paper requires a large amount of fuel which is es- 

 sential for war purposes. A pound of paper wasted 

 represents from one to three pounds of coal wasted. 



3. Paper contains valuable chemicals necessary for war 

 purposes. Economy in the use of paper will release 

 a large quantity of these materials for making ammu- 

 nition or poisonous gases. 



4. Paper making requires both labor and capital, both 

 of which are needed in war service. 



5. Paper making requires transportation space. 

 Economy in the use of paper will release thousands 

 of freight cars for war purposes. 



6. Greater care in the purchase and use of paper will 

 save money. 



7. Your savings will help finance the war. 

 Strictest economy in the use of paper will prevent 

 shortage. War Industries Board, 



B. M. Baruch, Chairman, 



By E. O. Merchant. 



OLIVES AND WALNUTS THE FOOD TREES 

 OF FRANCE 



r T^ HE walnut and olive trees of France stand as an ex- 

 * ample of what a crop of trees may mean to a nation 

 hard at war. H. R. Isherwood, head of the Trade Ex- 

 tension Bureau of the National Lumber Manufacturers' 

 Association, cited recent reports on the olive oil and 

 walnut crops in that country, as an encouraging factor 

 in the food situation of the nation which is bearing the 

 heaviest part in the struggle for world democracy. 



Olive oil is one of the staple fats of French diet, taking 

 the place of animal fats, which though not as scarce in 

 France as in Germany, are still too scanty for comfort. 

 Walnuts, of course, are the richest of foods. 



Mr. Isherwood dwelt at length upon the benefit to a 

 country hard pressed for food which results from large 

 crops of the fruitage of these trees. The olive oil crop 

 for last year was one of the largest for a generation. In 

 spite of the shortage of labor, it was saved. The Frencli 

 Govenment closed the schools, and sent boys and girls 

 to the groves. The walnut crop also was the largest in 

 years. 



Walnuts are planted at wide intervals all through the 

 fields of central France, and the ground farmed under 

 them as though the trees were not there at all. Olive 

 orchards are sometimes cultivated, more often they serve 

 as pastures, and a geat many of them are on ground 

 that would be useful for little else if the trees were cut 

 down. Doubtless there are thousands of olive trees in 

 France that saw Napoleon set out on his first Italian 

 campaign. 



HELP THE GOVERNMENT SAVE 

 PAPER BY USING ONLY WHAT YOU 

 REALLY NEED. EACH POUND OF 

 PAPER REPRESENTS SEVEN POUNDS 

 OF FUEL AND FUEL IS NEEDED TO 

 BURN OUT PRUSSIANISM. 



