684 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



FIGURE 2. 



PHOTOMICROGRAPHS WHICH 



FIGURE 3. 

 MAKE POSSIBLE AX 



FIGURE 

 INTERESTING COMPARISON 



A most supcrr.cial comparison of the cross-section of the wood of this new hybrid oak (Fig. 2) with that of Quercus borealis (Fig 3) and Quercus 

 velutina (Fig. 4) shows a unique distinction in the very large nnmhpr ui pores and in their gradual diminution in size in passing from; the 

 spring or early formed wood to the summer or late-formed wood of the annual ring. This would indicate that the new hybrid is more closely 

 related to the red oak than to the black oak, in which there is a very abrupt change in size from the large pores of the spring-wood to the small 

 pores of the summer-wood. 



coccinea to Q. phellos x rubra (1). 



Well Known Hybrid Oaks. 



The following is a list of the native 

 hybrid oaks discovered in the United 

 States during the last hundred years 

 Some of them have been found but 

 once and in several instances the indi- 

 viduals discovered have since beei'! 

 destroyed. While a number of these 

 trees are, undoubtedly, of hybrid 

 origin, properly they must be desig- 

 uated as species, because they were 

 first described under a binomial. Not- 

 able examples of such hybrids are 

 Quercus morehus, Q. brittoni, Q. 

 leana, Q. sinuata, 

 phylla : 



X 



Quercus alba 



(1877). Illinois. 



Quercus alba 



and Q. hetero- 

 stellata Engelni 



X macrocarpa 



En- 



gelm. (1877). Illinois and Vermont. 



Quercus alba x prinus Engelm. 

 (1877). District of Columbia and 

 Vermont. 



Quercus wislizeni x kelloggii Cur-, 

 ran (1885) ;=Quercus wislize-i x Cal- 

 if ornica Sargent (1895) ;=Q. more- 

 hus Kellogg (1863). California. 



Quercus coccinea x ilicifolia Gray 

 (1867), near Whitinsville, Mass. 



Quercus catesbaei x aquatica (2) 



THE NEW HYBRID AND ITS DISCOVERER 



This shows the new hybrid the Hawkins Oak, 

 growing in a wooded section of the Hawkins 

 estate in western Tennessee. It is some 85 feet 

 hieh and 35 inches in diameter. Certain peculi- 

 arities about the tree attracted the attention of 

 Mrs Eugene Hawkins, prompting closer exami- 

 nation and the conseq^uent discovery of the 

 hybrid Mrs. Hawkins is seen standing by the 

 tree. 



Engelm. (1877) ;=Q. catesbaei x ni- 

 gra Sarg. (1895) ;=Q. sinuata Walter 

 (1788). Near Bluffton, S. C. 



Quercus catesbaei x lauri folia En- 

 gelm. (1877). Near Blufifton, S. C. 



Quercus catesbaei x Q. cinerea 

 Small (1895). Florida. 



Quercus cuneata x velutina (1917) ; 

 =Q. digitata (3) x velutina Sudworth 

 (1895). Tennessee. 



Quercus georgiana x marilandicn 

 .Sargent (1895) ;=Q. georgiana x 

 nigra (4) Small (1895). Georgia. 



Quercus marilandica x ilicifolia 

 (1917);=Q. brittoni Davis (1892). 

 The author of the latter name believed 

 this tree to be a hybrid between the 

 black jack and bear eak. Staten Is- 

 land, N. Y. 



Quercus marilandica x velutina 

 l^ush (1895). "Near Saputa, Indian 

 Territory." 



Quercus imbricaria 

 .Sargent (1895) ;=Q. 

 nigra (4) Engelm. 

 souri. 



Quercus imbricaria x velutina Sar- 

 t^ent (1895) ;^Q. imbricaria x coc- 

 cinea Engelm. (1877) ;=Q. leana 

 Nutt. (1842). Central Eastern United 

 States. 



X marilandica 



imbricaria x 



(1877). Mis- 



FIGURE 5 



(\) Now i)roperly known as Quercus borealis 

 Michx., Q. rubra L., long supposed to have been 

 applied by Linnaeus to our red oak. was in 

 reality given to our Spanish oak, which most of 

 ttie mountain people in Virgini;t, North Caro- 

 lina and Tennessee call "red oak." 



(2) Now known as Quercus nigra, the black 

 jack, to which this name was so long applied, 

 now being designated as Q. marilandica. 



(.11 Now known as Q'lercus rubra. 



(4) Now known as Quercus marilandica. 



