REMEDIES 79 



Fumigation. — It is generally conceded that the fumigation 

 with hydrocyanic acid gas of nursery trees while in their dor- 

 mant winter condition is one of the most satisfactory methods 

 of controlling the pest. Many of the largest nurseries now 

 fumigate all their stock, and it is probable that the practice will 

 become more general as the years go by. For this purpose a 

 special air-tight room is set apart or built in which the young 

 trees are placed while the deadly gas kills the insects. Any 

 one intending to treat nursery stock in this way will find full 

 directions in Johnson's book on Fumigation Methods, published 

 by the Orange Judd Company, New York. 



Sulphide or Potash and Lime. — An easy winter wash to 

 apply has been tested and recommended by Prof. W. E. Britton 

 of the Connecticut Experiment Station. It consists of: 



Sulphide of Potash 10 pounds. 



Lime 10 pounds. 



Water 20 gallons. 



The sulphide of potash, commonly called liver of sulphur, is 

 dissolved in warm water, and the solution thus made is used to 

 slake the lime, which should be of good quality. After thor- 

 ough mixing, the rest of the twenty gallons of water is added. 

 This wash is more expensive than the lime, sulphur, and salt, 

 as the sulphide of potash costs 22 cents a pound, but it is so 

 much easier to make that for a small amount of spraying it may 

 be preferable. Use a good quality of finishing lime. 



Lime, Sulphur, and Salt Wash. — The experience of orchard- 

 ists throughout the Eastern states indicates that the most eftect- 

 ive remedy for the Pernicious Scale is the lime, sulphur, and 

 salt wash. This is applied to the dormant trees in winter or 

 early spring before the buds start, and is very efficient in 

 destroying and checking the increase of the insects. It is a 

 troublesome remedy to apply on a small scale, and is best 

 attempted by commercial growers or by those who make a busi- 

 ness of spraying. Its preparation necessitates large iron kettles 

 or else a steam boiling outfit. After studying the practical ex- 

 perience of many Ohio orchardists, the Ohio Experiment Sta- 

 tion recommends the following formula and directions: 



Lump lime 25 pounds. 



Salt 25 pounds. 



Sulphur 25 pounds. 



Water 75 gallons. 



