GENERAL SUMMARY 



<1) Pole, slab and stone drains have been superseded by 

 the modern tile drains. The use of tile is becoming 

 more and more extended every year. 



(2) The effects of tile drainage are that the surplus water is 

 removed from the soil ; the soil is better ventilated ; 

 roots are given more room ; the soil is made warmer ; 

 and the available moisture is increased. 



<3) The size of tile will depend upon the fall and the area 

 drained. For mains 4-inch, and for laterals 3-inch 

 will usually be found most satisfactory and economi- 

 cal. In laying drains get all the fall possible. 



<4) For clay soils drains should be about two and one half 

 feet deep and 35 to 50 feet apart. For porous, sandy 

 soils they may be three and one half feet deep and 60 

 to 100 feet apart. 



(5) Select the lowest ground for the main. Have as few 



outlets as possible. Put in laterals through the wet- 

 test places first. 



(6) If the fall is slight have it accurately determined by a 



competent surveyor. In other cases the ordinary car- 

 penter's or home-made water level may be used. 



<7) Begin digging at the outlet. Make the ditch just wide 

 enough for the man to work in. Be sure the bottom is 

 properly graded so that no low places are left in it. 



(8) Round tile,— hard burned, free from lime, straight, 

 smooth on the inside, and with ends square-cut are 

 the best. 



<9) Place very hard-burned tile next to the outlet. Use Ys 

 for making all connections of laterals with mams. 



(10) In filling the ditch, cover the tile first with loose dirt 

 or sand. The plow may then be used to advantage. 



(11) The classes of land in New Hampshire needing drain- 



age are (1) Meadow lands; (2) Gently rolling tillable 

 lands ; (3) Lowlands around swamps or lakes ; (4) 

 Lowlands adjacent to salt water. 



(12) Thorough drainage on most lands will cost $35 to $40 



per acre. Many lands can be greatly benefited for $15 

 or $20 per acre. 



