344 THE HUMAN BODY AND ITS FOOD 



These 4 bones form the pelvis. There are altogether 

 58 bones in the trunk. 



The four limbs have 30 bones each. Each arm has a humerus 

 (upper arm), radius and ulna (lower arm), 8 wrist bones (carpals), 5 

 hand bones (metacarpals) , and 14 finger bones (phalanges). Each 

 leg has a femur (thigh bone) , and a tibia (shin bone) and a fibula below 

 the knee. At the front of the knee is the knee cap (patella). In the 

 ankle there are 7 tarsal bones; in the foot, 5 metatarsals; in the toes, 

 14 phalanges. 



A summary of the list of bones is as follows : 



Bones of Head. 



Cranium ------- 8 Sternum ------- 1 



Face 14 Hyoid 1 



Ears 6 Clavicles 2 



Scapulas 2 



28 



58 

 Bones of Trunk. Bones of Limbs. 



Vertebrae ------ 24 Upper limbs ----- 60 



Pelvis -------- 4 Lower limbs ----- 60 



Ribs - 24 



120 

 Total Number of Bones 206 



355. Muscles and Tendons. The muscles are the 

 organs that move the animal body (Fig. 276), and at the 

 same time cover the skeleton with rounded flesh. They 

 constitute the lean part of meat. Muscles are made up of 

 long cells. Connective tissue, in the form of a white, 

 skin-like membrane, is present between the muscle cells, 

 and also holds the muscles in bundles. 



The business of muscles is to grow shorter (to contract) 

 when commanded. By the shortening of all the cells, 



