FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. 11 



ing shallow water, and, if possible, a, clean, gravelly bottom, 

 where the current is fairly sharp but does not rush or tear 

 along, the female fish deposits her eggs, the male fish sheds 

 his milt over them, and thereafter they are left to the anything 

 but tender mercies of their numerous enemies, and the de- 

 structive forces of floods 'and other unfavourable circum- 

 stances). The result is that en unprotected redds only a very, 

 very small percentage of eggs are hatched. Now, it should 

 be noticed that the photographs are, a I have said, of magni- 

 ficent spawning grounds, but they are unprotected; hence 

 the failure of them for productive purposes. Of remedies 

 there are several. 



Where apparatus and facilities exist fort the purposes of arti- 

 ficially incubating and, hatching the eggs, the ripe fish may be 

 caught from the redds and spawned, ais will hereafter be de- 

 scribed. For the present I presume such facilities to be non- 

 existent ; therefore, to obtain satisfactory results without them 

 the redds must be handled in a practical manner. And, in 

 passing, I should add that where no redds exist they should ba 

 formed. This is ai simple matter, and the photograph of the 

 redds to the lake shows a most serviceable and easily arranged 

 succession of spawning grounds, made by converting a noisy, 

 rushing brooklet into a " step by step " series of sober, glassy 

 glides and miniature falls. Natural spawning grounds simi- 

 lar to those illustrated are quite easily arranged as splendid 

 redds under complete control, the work consisting principally 

 in shifting and arranging the boulders in the bed of the 

 stream so as to get ai series of small " flats " and shallow falls, 

 rather than, one or twoi pools, which may be capital natural 

 spawning grounds, but are not the best arrangement for the 

 purpose of protected redds. It is important that redds should 

 be get-at-able from either bank. They should range from 

 twenty to not more than, say, fifty feet in length, The width 

 is governed by circumstances. They should be from four inches 

 to eight inches in depth, but a foot is not too much. They 

 should be> well and finely graveled, and a) full and evenly dis- 

 tributed current of water should flow over them. This ar- 



