CAEDUACEAE. 



183 



FAMILY 



CAEDUACEAE. THISTLE FAMILY. 



TRIBB II. EUPATORIEAE. 



TBIBH IV. INULEAE. 



TRIBH VI. HELENIEAE. 



Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees. Flowers borne in heads, the marginal 

 ones commonly differing from the central ones in having a 1-sided, more 

 or less elongate corolla limb. Pappus usually present and often con- 

 spicuous. 



Perfect flowers with regular corollas, or the tube rarely partly open on one side. 

 Stigmatic lines at the base of the stigma or below the middle. 



Stigmas filiform or subulate, hispidulous. TRIBH I. VERNONIEAE. 



Stigma more or less clavate, papillose-puberu- 



lent. 

 Stigmatic lines extending to the tip of the stigma 



or to the appendages. 

 Anthers without elongated appendages at the 



top. 



Anther-sacs tailed at the base. 

 Anther-sacs not tailed at the base. 

 Receptacle naked. 



Bracts of the involucre well Imbri- 



cated. 

 Stigmas of the perfect flowers 



with terminal appendages. TRIBH III. ASTEREAE. 

 Stigmas of the perfect flowers 

 with truncate or hairy or 

 papillose tips. 



Bracts of the involucre little if at 

 all imbricated, except when the 

 broad outer ones overlap the inner. TRIBH VII. SENECIONEAE. 

 Receptacle chaffy. TRIBH V. HELIANTHEAE. 



Anthers with elongated, cartilaginous, mostly 



connate appendages at the top. TRIBH VIII. CYNAREAE. 



Perfect flowers, or all, with bilabiate corollas (corol- 



las nearly regular in Oochnatia). TRIBH IX. MUTISIEAE. 



TRIBE I. VERNONIEAE. 



Pappus of 2 series : corollas regular : heads neither glomerate nor Involucrate. 



1. VERNOMA. 

 Pappus of 1 series : corollas irregular, split on the inner 



side : heads glomerate and involucrate. 2. ELEPHAXTOPCS. 



TRIBE II. EUPATORIEAE. 



Achenes 3-5-angled, ribless. 



Involucre of more than 4 bracts, 5-many-flowered. 

 Receptacle flat. 

 Receptacle conic. 



Involucre of 4 bracts, or rarely of more, 4-flowered. 

 Achenes 8-10-ribbed or 8-10-striate. 



Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, neither striate 



nor nerved. 



Receptacle naked : heads splcate or racemose. 

 Receptacle chaffy: heads corymbose. 

 Bracts of the involucre not herbaceous, striate-nerved. 



3. EUPATOHIDM. 



4. CONOCLIMUM. 



5. MlKANIA. 



6. LACINIARIA. 



7. CARPHEPHOBOS. 



8. KUHNIA. 



TRIBB III. ASTEREAE. 

 Ray-flowers present, or rarely wanting: plants not 



dioecious. 

 Ray-flowers with yellow corollas. 



Pappus, at least that of the disk flowers, of dif- 

 ferent series, the inner of capillary bristles, 

 the outer of scales or of shorter bristles. 

 Pappus of the ray obsolete or a mere crown : 



achenes of the ray turgid. 

 Pappus of the ray copious : achenes of the ray 



flattened. 

 Pappus wholly of capillary bristles. 



Receptacle pubescent, flmbrillate : ray-flowers 



more numerous than those of the disk. 

 Receptacle alveolate: ray-flowers fewer than 

 those of the disk. 



9. HETEROTHECA. 

 10. CHRYSOPSIS. 



11. EUTHAMIA. 



12. SOLIDAGO. 



