CARDUACEAE. 



throat and a longer tube; lobes short. 30. FLAVEBIA. 



Bracts of the involucre spreading or reflexed. 37. HELENIUM. 



Plant-tissues, especially the leaves and bracts of the 



involucre with oil-glands. 38. PECTIS. 



TEIBB VII. SENECIONEAE. 



Disk-flowers perfect: marginal flowers pistillate. 39. ERECHTITES 



Disk-flowers and marginal flowers perfect. 



Disk cream-colored or greenish : corolla-throat much 



shorter than the tube. 40. MESADEXIA. 



Disk golden, orange or purple : corolla-throat about 



as long as the tube. 41. EMILIA. 



185 



TRIBE VIII. CYNAREAE. 

 Plants with spine-margined leaves. 



42. CIRSIUM. 



TRIBE IX. MUTISIEAE. 

 Heads with radiate marginal flowers. 43. CHAPTALIA. 



1. VEENONIA L. Caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades mostly 

 toothed. Heads not involucrate. Corolla-lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages 

 lanceolate to oblong. Pappus double, the outer series of scales or stout bristles, 

 the inner of numerous capillary bristles. 



1. V. Blodgettii Small. Stems 2-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades oblong to linear, 2-4.5 

 cm. long, entire: involucres 6-7 mm. high; inner bracts oblong or ovate- 

 oblong, acute: corolla purple. Everglades and pinelands. F. K. IRONWEED. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS [Vaill.] L. Perennial scapose or caulescent herbs. 

 Leaves alternate: blades shallowly toothed. Heads involucrate. Corolla-lobes 

 linear-lanceolate. Anther-appendages deltoid to ovate. Pappus single or 

 double, of several rigid bristles terminating scale-like bases. 



1. E. tomentosus L. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, mostly hirsute above: blades of the 

 basal leaves oblong, oval, or oblong-oblanceolate, crenate-serrate : inner bracts 

 of the involucre acuminate: bases of the pappus-bristles as long as the breadth 

 of the achene. Pinelands. ELEPHANT 'S-FOOT. 



3. EUPATORIUM [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs or shrubs. Leaves 

 alternate or opposite: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Heads borne in 

 corymbs. Involucre campanulate to cylindric. Corolla-lobes ovate or triangu- 

 lar. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene angled. Pappus of capillary bristles. 

 THOROUGHWORT. 



Leaf-blades dissected Into filiform or narrow segments. 

 Leaf-segments filiform or nearly so. 



Inflorescence-branches secund-recurved : inner involucral bracts prominently 

 scarious-marglned, gradually long-aristate. 1. E. IcptophyUum. 



Inflorescence-branches fastigia'te : Inner involucral bracts 



obscurely scarious, abruptly short-aristate. 2. E. capiUifoUum. 



Leaf-segments flat, mostly linear. 3. E. Eugcnei. 



Leaf-blades merely toothed or Incised. 



Shrub. 4. E. villosum. 



Herbs. 



Involucral bracts acute: heads 5-flowered. o. K. mikanioidea. 



Involucral bracts obtuse : heads more than 5-flowered. 

 Involucral bracts very unequal : corollas 3 mm. long 



or less : achenes 2 mm. long or less. 

 Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so : pappus thrice as 



long as the achene. 6. E. recurvans. 



Leaf-blades long-petioled : pappus less than twice 



as long as the achene. 7. E. scrotinum. 



Involucral bracts nearly equal : corollas 4 mm. long : 



achenes 2.5 mm. long. 8. E. jucundum. 



