188 CARDUACEAE. 



1. K. pauiculata Cass. Stems 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1.5-3 cm. long: inner 

 bracts of the involucre slightly broadened upward, acuminate: achenes 3.5-4 

 mm. long. Pinelaixls. 



9. HETEROTHECA Cass. Annual or biennial pubescent herbs. Leaves 

 alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads rather large. Involucre hemispheric 

 or campanulate, the inner bracts ciliate. Ray-flowers with conspicuous ligules. 

 Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat about as long as the tube. Anther- 

 appendages lanceolate. Stigmas lanceolate or triangular. Achenes of the ray 

 thickish, those of the disk flat. Pappus of the disk of many bristles, those of 

 the outer series shorter and stouter than those of the inner. 



1. H. subaxillaria (Lam.) Britt. & Busby. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, hirsute or 

 hispid: blades of the stem-leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-7 cm. long, 

 serrate: involucres 7-8 mm. high; outer bracts glandular-pubescent: achenes 

 about 2 mm. long. Pinelands and waste places. 



10. CHBYSOPSIS Nutt. Silky or woolly herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 

 narrow or broad, mostly entire. Heads solitary, or in a terminal corymb. 

 Involucres ovoid to turbinate, the bracts narrow. Ray-flowers with conspicu- 

 ous ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow-funnelfonn throat. Anther-appendages 

 lanceolate. Stigmas subulate. Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous bristles. 

 1. C. Tracyi Small. Stems 3-5 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves narrowly 

 linear, the lower ones greatly elongate: inner bracts of the involucre 7 !' HUM. 

 long, long-ciliate: ligules 9-11 mm. long. Pinelands F. K. (MU>KN ; ASTKR. 



11. EUTHAMIA Nutt. Glabrous or nearly glabrous herbs. Leaves alter- 

 nate: blades elongate, herbaceous, not pitted. I lea. Is many, in corymbs. 

 Involucres narrow, few-several-flowered: bracts various, the outer ones linear 

 or nearly so. Ray-flowers few: corolla with a slender tube and a very -mall 

 ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and tube of about equal length: 

 lobes lanceolate. Anthers as long as the filaments or longer. Stigmas 1.. 

 late. Pappus of capillary bristles. 



1. E. minor (Michx.) Greene. Plant* 2-8 dm. tall: leaf -l.todi-s narrowly 

 linear or linear-filiform, mostly less than : nun. wi.le: involucres cylindric to 

 turbinate-cylindric, the inner bracts 4.5-5.5 mm. long. Ever^la.les. 



12. SOLI DAGO L. Glabrous or pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: 

 blades various, mostly toothed. Heads relatively small, paniculate. Invo- 

 lucres turbinate or cylindric, few-aeveral-flowered : bracts in several series, the 

 inner successively longer. Bay-flowers few: corollas with a slender tube and a 

 yellow, or rarely white, ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform or campanulas 

 throat and a tube nearly or quite as long: lobes lanceolate. Anthers nearly 

 or quite as long as the filaments. Stigmas mostly lanceolate. I'appns of 1 or 

 2 series of rough capillary bristles. GOLDEN ROD. 



T T pper atem-leare* narrowed at the bane and merely ae*alle. 



Innr bmrt of the Involucre over 4 mm. long. 1. 8 



Inn.-r l.rii. t ..f tin- Inv.-hirre lea* than 4 mm. long. 



r atem-leave* gradually smaller than the lower IV 0. 



I |.|--r utera lenve* abruptly much smaller tli:m tin- 



lower. 8. a. 



Upper tem lenve* rounded at the base, seaslle or partly 



claaplng. 

 Leave* pubescent ; blade* narrow : Inner bracta of the 



Involurre narrowly linear. 4. K. tnrHfnlia. 



Leave* glabrous: blade* broad: Inner bracta of the Invo- 

 lurre narrowly oblong. 5. a. Cftapmanit. 



