DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, OR BUTTERFLIES. 



177 



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sections ; which differ alike in their conformation and habits. These 

 are, I. The DIURNA, Diurnal Lepidoptera, or Butterflies, which 

 may be at once distinguished by the vertical position of the wings 

 during repose; II. The CREPUSCULARIA, or Twilight Lepi- 

 doptera, commonly known as Hawk-Moths, in which the wings 

 are horizontal in repose, and the antennas thick and club-shaped ; 

 and III. The NOCTURNA, Nocturnal Lepidoptera, or Moths, 

 whose wings are also horizontal or inclined in repose, but 

 whose antennae are more slender, tapering gradually from the 

 base to the point. 



706. Section I. DIURNA. The first section corresponds 

 with the Linnaean genus Papilio ; which is now, however, very 



much subdivided. 

 The Butterflies are 

 distinguished from 

 the other Lepi- 

 doptera by the 

 brilliancy of their 

 colouring, and by 

 the beauty of the 

 under as well as 

 the upper side of 

 the wings. Their 

 Caterpillars have usually sixteen feet ; and their Pupae are 

 nearly always destitute of any silken envelope, and are attached by 

 the tail. The Pupa of nearly every Butterfly of this group is 

 ornamented with golden spots ; from which circumstance the name 

 Chrysalis is derived : this term ought, therefore, to be limited to 

 the Pupa of the Butterflies ; but it is now in such general use, 

 as applied to all Pupae, that it is undesirable so to restrict it, 

 and the term Aurelia (which means in Latin what Chrysalis 

 does in Greek) is now employed by Entomologists to designate 

 these Pupae. The antennae of Butterflies are sometimes 

 knobbed at their extremities, sometimes of the same thickness 

 throughout, and sometimes taper gradually from base to point. 

 To the genus Vanessa, which is distinguished by the abrupt 

 termination of the antennae in a short knob, belong several of 



FIG. 402. ARGYNNIS PAPHIA. 



