34. ULMUS RACEMOSA CORK ELM, ROCK ELM. 23 



HABITAT. A tree of extensive range, being found in suitable localities 

 from New Fouridland and Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains and south- 

 ward to Georgia and Florida, preferring the rich, humid bottom lands 

 along the courses of streams. It reaches its perfection in the latitude of 

 New England and northern New York, where it characterizes almost 

 every landscape. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood heavy, strong, tough, compact and 

 usually very difficult to split owing to an interlacing, as it were, of the 

 fibers. The heart-wood is of a light brown color and the sap-wood 

 yellowish-white. Specific Gravity, 0.6506; Percentage of Ash, 0.80; 

 Relative Approximate Fuel Value, . 6454; Coefficient of Elasticity, 74742; 

 Modulus of Rupture, 852; Resistance to Longitudinal Pressure, 446; 

 Resistance to Indentation, 170; Weight of a Cubic Foot in Pounds, 

 40.55. 



USES. A valuable timber in the manufacture of agriculture imple- 

 ments, tool handles, wagon-wheels, especially the hubs, in cooperage and 

 in ship-building. 



Though not casting a very dense shade elms of this species are of first 

 importance as ornamental trees. 



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES are not claimed of this species. 



34. ULMUS RACEIMOSA, THOMAS. 



CORK ELM, ROCK ELM, CLIFF ELM, WHITE ELM. 



Ger., Trauben Ulme ; Fr., Or me a grappe ; Sp., Olmo de corcho. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. Learns ovate, oblong or obovate, sharply and doubly ser- 

 rate, unequal at base, taper-pointed, smooth above, minutely pubescent beneath; 

 bud-scales minutely pubescent and ciliate; young branchlets somewhat pubescent; 

 branches usually with thick corky ridges or wings. Flowers (April) in racemes with 

 slender pedicels jointed above the middle; calyx 7-8-cleft; stamens 7-10. Fruit 

 (May, June), ovate-elliptical samarse, about f in. (2 cm.) long, pubescent and with 

 ciliate margin. 



(" Macemosa" is a Latin word descriptive of the form of flower cluster a raceme.) 



Trees of striking aspect owing to the thick corky projections or wings 

 along its branches, commencing with about the third or fourth year's 

 growth. The bark of the trunk is thick, of a grayish color and rough 

 with firm longitudinal ridges. It sometimes attains 80 ft. (24 m.) or 

 more in height and 3 ft. (0.90 m.) in diameter of trunk. 



HABITAT. Western New England, Ontario and westward to Iowa, 

 southward into Kentucky, growing along hill- sides and river banks. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood heavy, hard, compact, exceedingly 

 tough and strong, and usually very difficult to split, owing to its con- 

 torted and, as it were, interlaced fibers. The heart- wood is of a light- 



