64. GARY A SULCATA THICK SHELL-BARK HICKORY. 29 



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES. Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, and 

 serve to prepare a grateful drink, well adapted to febrile cases. A syrup 

 is made from their juice and used as an agreeable addition to gargles in 

 inflammation of the throat. They are, however, more used as food than 

 as medicine.* 



ORDER JUGLANDACE.ZE : WALNUT FAMILY. 



Leaves alternate, pinnate and without stipules. Flowers monoecious and apetalous, 

 except in some cases in the fertile flowers. Sterile flowers in catkins with an irregu- 

 lar calyx adnate to the scale of the catkin. Fertile flowers solitary or in small clus- 

 ters, with calyx regularly 3-5-lobed, adherent to the incompletely 2-4-celled, but 

 1 ovuled ovary. Fruit a sort of dry drupe (a try ma), with a fibrous and more or less 

 fleshy and coriaceous outer coat (epicarp) very astringent to the taste, a hard, bony in- 

 ner coat (endocarp), and a 2-4-lobed seed, which is orthotropous, with thick, oily and 

 often corrugated cotyledons and no albumen. 



All representatives of the order are trees. 



GENUS CARYA, Nurr.f 



Leaves odd-pinnate with few leaflets; leaf-buds scaly and from them appear 

 generally both kinds of flowers, the fertile at the extremity of the growth and the 

 sterile at the base, the leaves between. Sterile flowers in slender, imbricated, mostly 

 forked catkins; scales 3-parted; calyx mostly 3-parted ; stamens 3-10, free, filaments 

 short or wanting and anthers hairy. Fertile flowers clustered 2-5 together, their 

 common peduncle terminating the shoot of the season; calyx 4-cleft, superior; petals 

 none; stigmas sessile, 2-lobed, the lobes bitid, papillose, persistent. Fruit (October) 

 with a coriaceous but at length dry and hard epicarp (shuck), finally falling away in 

 4- valves, and a smoothish horny endocarp (shell) with a 2-lobed nucleus. 



Trees with hard bark, very tough wood and continuous pith; pubescence stellate. 



(Gary a is the ancient Greek name Kapia of the Walnut.) 



64. CARYA SULCATA, NUTT.J; 

 THICK SHELL-BARK HICKORY, BIG SHELL-BARK, KING NUT. 



Ger., Gefurchte Hickory ; Fr., Noyer grand d'Amerique ; Sp., Nogal 



surcado. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: Leaflets 7 or 9, oblanceolate, acuminate, all sessile cr 

 nearly so, the lowest pair smallest and attenuated to the base, minutely downy be- 

 neath; inner bud-scales persisting and growing for a time after the outer have fallen. 

 Flowers: Staminate catkins in threes on a common peduncle at the base of the 

 shoots of the season ; middle lobe of calyx at least twice as long as the two lateral 

 broader ones. Fruit large, often more than 2 inches long, with thick, woody, 

 4-valved epicarp, separating to the base along depressed seams; nut 1 to 2 in. long, 

 usually longer than broad and pointed at both ends, somewhat flattened and 

 4-angled, very thick-shelled and with rich, delicious kernel. 



(Sulcata is the Latin f or ploughed or furrowed.) 



A magnificent tree, sometimes attaining 100 ft. (30 m.) in height and 

 3 or 4 ft. (1 m.) in diameter of trunk, with gray bark, which splits with 

 age into long plates, and these, warping out, give the shaggy or scaly 



*Tf S. Dispensatory, 16th ed., p. 986. -\-JJicoria, Rafinesque. 



%Hicorid sulcata, (Mill.) Britt. 



