14 KEY, BASED UPON FRUIT. 



C 4 . Subcylindrical pods, long (10-12 in.), opening by two valves. 



89. CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES. 



a*. Aggregated fruit composed of many carpels, either closed or opened and co- 

 hering or closely massed together, forming a 

 b. Cone. 

 c. Scales of the cone open carpels (Coniferce). 



d. Scales many, persistent and spreading at maturity, each subtended by a 



bract ; ovules 2, inverted. 

 6. Maturing the year after flowering (Pinus). 

 f. Cones oblong-ovoid, scarcely 2 in. long ; scales armed with 



Weak deciduous prickle, leaves 3-5 in. long 75. PINUS MITIS. 



Stronger prickle ; leaves 1-J-Si- in long 98. PINUS INOPS. 



/ ?2 . Cones ovoid-pyramidal ; carpellary scales thickened at the apex and 

 g. Unarmed (smooth); cones 



2 in. in length, straight 19- PINUS RESINOSA. 



Less than 2 in., curved .99. PINUS BANKSIANA. 



</ 2 . Armed with a recurved prickle 50. P. RIGIDA. 



f 3 . Cylindric, 4-6 in. long, scales thin and unarmed. ... 49. P. STROBUS. 

 C 2 . Maturing the first season the autumn after blossoming. 

 f. Ovoid or oblong, ^ in. long, pendent ; bracts inconspicuous ; scales per- 

 sistent on the axis, thin and with eroded tip 20. ABIES NIGRA. 



/*. Ovoid, small (8 lines or less), pendent, scales rounded and entire at tip. 



21. ABIES CANADENSIS. 

 **. Cyclindrical, 



Ere:t, large (2-4 in.), and scales finally falling away from the axis. 



22. ABIES BALSAMEA. 

 Nodding, small (about 2 in.) scales persisting on the axis. 



100. PlCEA ALBA. 



f*. Ovoid or roundish, small, 9 lines or less, scales persistent on the axis 



at maturity 23. LARIX AMERICANA. 



d?. Scales few, persistent, bractless; cone 



Oblong and erect, with loosely imbricated scales somewhat thickened at 



the tip, seeds winged all round 27. THUYA OCCIDENTALS. 



Spherical, about in. in diameter, with 3 pairs of peltate scales. 



74. ClIAMAECYPARIS THYOIDES. 



C 2 . Scales 3-lobed bracts each subtending 2-3 closed, indehiscent carpels minia- 

 ture samarae (Betula). 

 f. Cones erect. 



Sessile, ovoid-oblong, 1 in. in length 17. BETULA LUTEA. 



With downy peduncle, ovoid, smaller 95. BETULA NIGRA. 



/ 2 . Cones suberect, ovoid-oblong; scales thicker and with short divergent 

 lobes: wing of nutlet not broader than the body .... 44. B. LENTA. 

 / 3 . Cones pendent, cyclindrical and about 



1 in. in length 70. B. POPULIFOLIA. 



lg in. in length 43. B. PAPYRACEA. 



C 3 . Scales closed carpels, growing from an elongated receptacle and consolidated 



together. 



d. Dehiscent at maturity along the medium line of the back, and letting out 

 each 1-2 berry-like seeds suspended by extensile threads (Magnolia). 

 Cone 



Cyclindrical, curved, 2-3 in. long 1. MAGNOLIA ACUMINATA. 



Oblong, 1-1| in. long 51. MAGNOLIA GLAUCA. 



rf 2 . Indehiscent at maturity and falling away as samarae. 



2. LlRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA. 



6 2 . Spherical head, hardened and bristling with 2-beaked capsules. 



60. LTQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA. 

 b. Sorosis a spike with bracts and calyx-lobes all thickened and succulent. 



63. MORUS RUBHA 



