98. PINTJS INOPS JERSEY PINE, SCRUB PINE. 4-1 



GYMNOSPERM^l. 



Flowering, exogenous plants .with leaves chiefly parallel-veined and cotyledons fre- 

 quently more than two. Flowers diclinous and very incomplete; pistil represented 

 by an open scale or leaf, or altogether wanting, with ovules naked, fertilized by 

 direct contact with the pollen, and seeds at maturity naked without a true peri- 

 carp. 



ORDER CONIFER2E : PINE FAMILY. 



Leaves mostly awl-shaped or needle-shaped, evergreen, entire and parallel-veined. 

 Flowers monoecious, or rarely dioecious, in catkins or cones, destitute of both calyx 

 and corolla; stamens one or several (usually united); ovary, style and stigma want- 

 ing; ovules one or several at the base of a scale, which serves as a carpel, or on an 

 open disk. Fruit a cone, woody and with distinct scales, or somewhat berry-like, 

 and with fleshy coherent scales, seeds orthotopous, embryo in the axis of the 

 albumen. 



Trees or shrubs with a resinous juice. 



GENUS PINUS, TOURNEFORT. 



Leaves evergreen, needle-shaped, from slender buds, in clusters of 2-5 together, 

 each cluster invested at its base with a sheath of thin, membranous scales. Flowers 

 appearing in spring, monoecious. Sterile flowers in catkins, clustered at the base of 

 the shoots of the season; stamens numerous with very short filaments and a scale-like 

 connective; anther-cells, 2, opening lengthwise; pollen grains triple. Fertile flowers 

 in conical or cylindrical spikes cones consisting of imbricated, carpellary scales, 

 each in the axil of a persistent bract and bearing at its base within a pair of inverted 

 ovules, Fruit maturing in the autumn of the second year, a cone formed of the 

 imbricated carpellary scales, which are woody, often thickened or awned at the apex, 

 persistent, when ripe dry and spreading to liberate the two nut-like and usually 

 winged seeds; cotyledons 3-12, linear. 



(Pinus is a Latin word from Celtic piti or pen, a crag.) 



98. PINUS INOPS, AIT. 



JERSEY PI^E, SCRUB PINE. 



Ger., Jersey- Ficlite ; Fr., Pin de New Jersey ; Sp., Pino de Neiv Jersey. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. Leaves in twos, short, H to 2 inches long, obtuse, rigid, 

 more or less curved and twisted, inner side deeply channeled, margins minutely 

 serulate, sheathes short (about 1-8 in.) and close. Flowers as described for the genus. 

 Fruit an ovoid-oblong cone, usually 2 in. or less in length, laterally located upon the 

 branch, sessile or with short peduncles; scales thickened at the tip and armed with a 

 sharp awl-shaped prickle; young shoots distinctly purple with a glaucous bloom. 



(Inops is from the Latin in and ops, signifying without strength or sturdiness, and 

 applicable on account of the generally scrubby small stature of the tree.) 



A small straggling tree in the east of its range with spreading branches, 

 but west of the Alleghenies it sometimes surpasses 100ft. (30m.) in 

 height and with a trunk 3 ft. (0.90) in diameter, with dark brown bark 

 furrowed longitudinally with rather narrow scaly ridges. 



HABITAT. From New York to Georgia along the coast; west of the 

 Alleghenies, in southeastern Indiana and eastern Kentucky, generally in 

 sandy barren soil. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained 

 and compact; of a light pinkish brown color with abundant yellowish- 

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