42 HOUGH'S AMERICAN WOODS. 



white sap-wood. Specific Gravity, 0.5309; Percentage of Ash, 0.30; 

 Relative Approximate Fuel Value, 0.5293; Coefficient of Elasticity, 

 54295; Modulus of Rapture, L58; Resistance to Longitudinal Pressure, 

 360; Resistance to Indentation, 156; Weight of a Cubic Foot in Pounds, 

 33.09. 



USES. Little used in the East except for fuel, and said to be exten- 

 sively used in the western part of its range for aqueduct logs, pumps, 

 etc. 



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES are not recorded of this species. The pitch, 

 however, which it yields might be of some value medicinally, as with cer- 

 tain other pines, but is too limited in quantity to be a commercial source. 



99. PINUS BANKSIANA, LAMBERT. 

 GRAY PINE, NORTHERN SCRUB PINE, PRINCE'S PINE. 



Ger., Banks- Fichte ; Fr., Pin grise ; Sp., Pino par do. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTEKS. Leaves in twos, short, mostly about 1 in. in length, acute, 

 rigid, thick, more or less curved and twisted, divergent, inner side channeled, mar- 

 gins minutely serulate; sheaths short. Flowers as described for the genus. Fruit 

 an ovoid acuminate curved cone, longer than the leaves (2 in. or less in length) laterally 

 located upon the branchlet, often in pairs, subsessile and with smooth scales thickened 

 at the apex but not furnished with a prickle. 



A small tree rarely over 70 ft. (22 m.) in height or 2 ft. (0.75 m.) in 

 diameter of trunk, and especially in the southeast of its range a tree of 

 peculiarly low habit of growth with wide spreading flexible branches. 

 Further north it is more upright in growth, and yields a trunk large 

 enough to be of some value for lumber. The bark of trunk is of a red- 

 dish brown color and rough with irregular scales. 



HABITAT. From Northern New England and the valley of the St. 

 Lawrence River westward to the Rocky Mountains and northward to the 

 Arctic Circle, growing commonly in sandy barren soil. 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Wood light, soft, not strong, easily worked, 

 of a light yellowish-brown color with abundant whitish sap-wood. Specific 

 Gravity, 0.4761; Percentage of Asfi, 0.23; Relative Approximate Fuel 

 Value, 0.4750; Coefficient of Elasticity, 94231; Modulus of Rupture, 652; 

 Resistance to Longitudinal Pressure, 396; Resistance to Indentation, 101; 

 Weight of a Cubic Foot in Pounds, 29.67. 



USES. In certain regions extensively used for railway ties, fuel and 

 to some extent for lumber for general construction purposes. 



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES. The only medicinal properties known of 

 this tree are found in turpentine which might be procured from it, but 

 which is found in greater abundance in other species of the genus. 



