A SYSTEMATIC STUDY 



OF THE 



SPECIES WHOSE WOODS ARE REPRESENTED IN THE ACCOM- 

 PANYING SECTIONS. 



The timbers comprised in the series, which this text is designed to 

 accompany, belong to what are known, botanically speaking, as 

 Flowering and Exogenous Plants. At the outset, therefore, we will, 

 once for all, define these groups; and, as the characters herein given 

 are equally true of all the species enumerated in the following pages, 

 they need not be repeated in the further definition of the various sub- 

 groups and species. 



FLOWERING OR PILENOGAMOUS PLANTS. 



Vegetables producing flowers which consist essentially of stamens 

 and pistils, the latter bearing ovules or seeds. 



In distinction from the Flowering Plants are the Flowerless or Cryptogamous 

 Plants, comprising the rest of the vegetable kingdom, from the very simply 

 organized Slime Moulds and Bacteria up to the highly organized Ferns and Club- 

 Mosses. But in the study of timbers this group is unimportant, as only in a few 

 rare cases do any of its representatives attain the dimensions of trees. Those 

 exceptions are the Tree-Ferns of tropical countries gigantic ferns, which some- 

 times attain the height of fifty or sixty feet, with straight shafts quite like tree 

 trunks and tops consisting of a bunch of enormous plume-like fronds. They, 

 however, are of practically no value as timber. 



EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



Flowering plants whose stems consist of a central column of pith 

 surrounded by wood in concentric layers, and this in turn by bark ; 

 the stems increasing in thickness by the addition of a new layer each 

 year to the wood externally and to the bark internally. Leaves mostly 

 netted -veined. First leaves of the embryo (cotyledons) two and oppo- 

 site, or (in the Coniferae) several in a whorl. Parts of the flower in 

 fours or fives, very rarely in threes. 



A second class of Flowering Plants and comprising the rest of the group is the 

 Endogenous or Monocotyledonous Plants, characterized by having stems in which 



